{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005473449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001413500122","title":"AN AUTOMATED ANTI-PORNOGRAPHY SYSTEM USING A SKIN DETECTOR BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A REVIEW","display_name":"AN AUTOMATED ANTI-PORNOGRAPHY SYSTEM USING A SKIN DETECTOR BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A REVIEW","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005473449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001413500122","mag":"2005473449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001413500122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001413500122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042905745","display_name":"A. A. Zaidan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6090-0391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. A. ZAIDAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027445807","display_name":"Hezerul Abdul Karim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7613-4596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. ABDUL KARIM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064518425","display_name":"Nasir Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7969-7450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. N. AHMAD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101699433","display_name":"B. B. Zaidan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-8267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. B. ZAIDAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079920272","display_name":"Aduwati Sali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-6516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. SALI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042905745"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1803,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86948049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"04","first_page":"1350012","last_page":"1350012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12335","display_name":"Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9180999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pornography","display_name":"Pornography","score":0.9322094917297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7270076274871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5872100591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5647751092910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5085688829421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4288483262062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perversion","display_name":"Perversion","score":0.423789381980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4152362048625946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41357824206352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3552011251449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.23381704092025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1277391016483307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781301322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q291","display_name":"Pornography","level":2,"score":0.9322094917297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7270076274871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5872100591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5647751092910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5085688829421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4288483262062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779802421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626217","display_name":"Perversion","level":2,"score":0.423789381980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4152362048625946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41357824206352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3552011251449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.23381704092025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1277391016483307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001413500122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001413500122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":105,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64290285","https://openalex.org/W82199948","https://openalex.org/W118549737","https://openalex.org/W176192998","https://openalex.org/W1484457266","https://openalex.org/W1488073989","https://openalex.org/W1521456309","https://openalex.org/W1526765212","https://openalex.org/W1531235167","https://openalex.org/W1563720727","https://openalex.org/W1567618181","https://openalex.org/W1587328194","https://openalex.org/W1593211785","https://openalex.org/W1598505157","https://openalex.org/W1608910685","https://openalex.org/W1673002162","https://openalex.org/W1683491231","https://openalex.org/W1907128000","https://openalex.org/W1922617770","https://openalex.org/W1926032488","https://openalex.org/W1945207222","https://openalex.org/W1951843614","https://openalex.org/W1968904897","https://openalex.org/W1970942095","https://openalex.org/W1975703829","https://openalex.org/W1982003773","https://openalex.org/W1990248972","https://openalex.org/W1993261298","https://openalex.org/W1993266573","https://openalex.org/W1996406171","https://openalex.org/W2007215512","https://openalex.org/W2008138930","https://openalex.org/W2013350435","https://openalex.org/W2022942217","https://openalex.org/W2024091300","https://openalex.org/W2026649987","https://openalex.org/W2032265427","https://openalex.org/W2033690005","https://openalex.org/W2037299049","https://openalex.org/W2040017661","https://openalex.org/W2054302069","https://openalex.org/W2058503310","https://openalex.org/W2063965450","https://openalex.org/W2070138683","https://openalex.org/W2070692575","https://openalex.org/W2073105997","https://openalex.org/W2073711670","https://openalex.org/W2075551522","https://openalex.org/W2075701414","https://openalex.org/W2078088780","https://openalex.org/W2080401345","https://openalex.org/W2089886618","https://openalex.org/W2096948306","https://openalex.org/W2098482491","https://openalex.org/W2098848360","https://openalex.org/W2101554341","https://openalex.org/W2101995077","https://openalex.org/W2104767237","https://openalex.org/W2105038800","https://openalex.org/W2106075360","https://openalex.org/W2112057568","https://openalex.org/W2115299082","https://openalex.org/W2115751425","https://openalex.org/W2116058761","https://openalex.org/W2116720609","https://openalex.org/W2117946606","https://openalex.org/W2119374145","https://openalex.org/W2122047505","https://openalex.org/W2122358773","https://openalex.org/W2123736354","https://openalex.org/W2126383357","https://openalex.org/W2127744755","https://openalex.org/W2131035963","https://openalex.org/W2131047119","https://openalex.org/W2131927430","https://openalex.org/W2132450737","https://openalex.org/W2138841249","https://openalex.org/W2141950563","https://openalex.org/W2143413293","https://openalex.org/W2145300984","https://openalex.org/W2145332078","https://openalex.org/W2153746365","https://openalex.org/W2157231453","https://openalex.org/W2158236846","https://openalex.org/W2159254830","https://openalex.org/W2162120625","https://openalex.org/W2163207246","https://openalex.org/W2164115409","https://openalex.org/W2170629611","https://openalex.org/W2170848430","https://openalex.org/W2207797779","https://openalex.org/W2243462516","https://openalex.org/W2312751478","https://openalex.org/W2405804128","https://openalex.org/W2415798497","https://openalex.org/W2506495396","https://openalex.org/W2534923411","https://openalex.org/W2541409731","https://openalex.org/W2568991526","https://openalex.org/W2899580713","https://openalex.org/W2964006742","https://openalex.org/W3010371619","https://openalex.org/W4235041105","https://openalex.org/W4243838916","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2526361107","https://openalex.org/W2939062928","https://openalex.org/W3205269591","https://openalex.org/W2058755724","https://openalex.org/W1963551731","https://openalex.org/W2209698269","https://openalex.org/W2488333449","https://openalex.org/W4213292211","https://openalex.org/W2021129974","https://openalex.org/W1999599372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unprecedented":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,51,60,88,136],"Internet":[3],"technologies":[4],"with":[5,157],"multimedia":[6],"capabilities":[7],"have":[8],"enabled":[9],"pornography":[10,61],"and":[11,17,35,62,67,111,131,134,152,174,178],"adult":[12,43,118],"content":[13,44],"to":[14,42,70,74,99,112,115],"be":[15],"widely":[16],"freely":[18],"distributed":[19],"as":[20,22,32],"easy":[21],"a":[23,26,48,85,103,148],"click":[24],"of":[25,65,128],"mouse":[27],"through":[28],"various":[29],"means":[30],"such":[31,71],"YouTube,":[33],"Facebook,":[34],"Tags.":[36],"Protecting":[37],"children":[38,66],"from":[39],"unnecessary":[40],"exposure":[41,64],"has,":[45],"therefore,":[46],"become":[47],"serious":[49],"problem":[50],"the":[52,57,63,68,143,158],"real":[53,137],"world.":[54],"In":[55,122],"particular,":[56],"considerable":[58],"perversion":[59],"society":[69],"perversions":[72],"leads":[73],"moral":[75],"decay.":[76],"Constructing":[77],"an":[78,108],"appropriate":[79],"filter":[80],"for":[81],"pornographic":[82,144],"images":[83],"is":[84],"major":[86],"concern":[87],"modern":[89],"society;":[90],"however,":[91],"this":[92,117,123],"area":[93],"poses":[94],"challenges.":[95],"This":[96,164],"study":[97,116,165],"aims":[98],"shed":[100],"light":[101],"on":[102,142,171],"content-based":[104],"technique":[105],"that":[106],"employs":[107],"anti-pornography":[109,168],"machine":[110],"encourage":[113],"researchers":[114],"image":[119,145],"filtering":[120],"technique.":[121],"study,":[124],"we":[125],"discuss":[126],"models":[127],"skin":[129,172],"detection":[130,173],"their":[132,176],"advantages":[133],"disadvantages":[135],"life.":[138],"We":[139],"also":[140,166],"elaborate":[141],"classifier":[146],"using":[147],"feature":[149],"extraction":[150],"process":[151],"its":[153],"classification":[154],"process,":[155],"along":[156],"possible":[159],"difficulties":[160],"it":[161],"may":[162],"present.":[163],"analyzes":[167],"techniques":[169],"based":[170],"discusses":[175],"strengths":[177],"weaknesses.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}