{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015452969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007326","title":"CLASSIFICATION OF IMBALANCED DATA: A REVIEW","display_name":"CLASSIFICATION OF IMBALANCED DATA: A REVIEW","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015452969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007326","mag":"2015452969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001409007326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111450698","display_name":"Yanmin Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147468","display_name":"Pattern Discovery Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hs39d68","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147468"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"YANMIN SUN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Discovery Technologies Inc., 554 Parkside Drive, Waterloo, Canada N2L 5Z4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Discovery Technologies Inc., 554 Parkside Drive, Waterloo, Canada N2L 5Z4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051841038","display_name":"Andrew K. C. Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-7152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ANDREW K. C. WONG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Design Department, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada N2L 3G1, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Design Department, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039318050","display_name":"Mohamed S. Kamel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6173-8082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MOHAMED S. KAMEL","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada N2L 3G1, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111450698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147468"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.8717,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1673,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99433364,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"04","first_page":"687","last_page":"719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9629999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6982649564743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6951193809509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6939193606376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6526397466659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-class-classification","display_name":"One-class classification","score":0.48755329847335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4738845229148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-classification","display_name":"Data classification","score":0.441877156496048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6982649564743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6951193809509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6939193606376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6526397466659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34872919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7092302","display_name":"One-class classification","level":3,"score":0.48755329847335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4738845229148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227256","display_name":"Data classification","level":2,"score":0.441877156496048}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001409007326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W405632","https://openalex.org/W56743589","https://openalex.org/W102369970","https://openalex.org/W142793689","https://openalex.org/W146100937","https://openalex.org/W568057840","https://openalex.org/W1503605645","https://openalex.org/W1504694836","https://openalex.org/W1517113043","https://openalex.org/W1547515408","https://openalex.org/W1551909886","https://openalex.org/W1556311489","https://openalex.org/W1556906818","https://openalex.org/W1563938718","https://openalex.org/W1565377632","https://openalex.org/W1567313600","https://openalex.org/W1588282782","https://openalex.org/W1590984588","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1607624180","https://openalex.org/W1623342295","https://openalex.org/W1696243063","https://openalex.org/W1817561967","https://openalex.org/W1819386543","https://openalex.org/W1941659294","https://openalex.org/W1965895350","https://openalex.org/W1984088969","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W1991597981","https://openalex.org/W1993220166","https://openalex.org/W1993989674","https://openalex.org/W2000106226","https://openalex.org/W2024046085","https://openalex.org/W2032210760","https://openalex.org/W2034397064","https://openalex.org/W2038030840","https://openalex.org/W2040010062","https://openalex.org/W2053724458","https://openalex.org/W2054658115","https://openalex.org/W2058732827","https://openalex.org/W2065028222","https://openalex.org/W2067885219","https://openalex.org/W2069711114","https://openalex.org/W2103614420","https://openalex.org/W2107742354","https://openalex.org/W2114968414","https://openalex.org/W2119157339","https://openalex.org/W2119191234","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2123458540","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2127099194","https://openalex.org/W2131498344","https://openalex.org/W2131904035","https://openalex.org/W2132520255","https://openalex.org/W2133671888","https://openalex.org/W2135493362","https://openalex.org/W2136274649","https://openalex.org/W2142261479","https://openalex.org/W2142402086","https://openalex.org/W2143559846","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2149706766","https://openalex.org/W2152325113","https://openalex.org/W2154642793","https://openalex.org/W2157825442","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2160605849","https://openalex.org/W2167681385","https://openalex.org/W2168020168","https://openalex.org/W2170913656","https://openalex.org/W2482589566","https://openalex.org/W2514070453","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W2800394774","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3155649056","https://openalex.org/W4205687621","https://openalex.org/W4244952642","https://openalex.org/W4298069009","https://openalex.org/W4401951204"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561370360","https://openalex.org/W2614183994","https://openalex.org/W4281776617","https://openalex.org/W2377182625","https://openalex.org/W2326253368","https://openalex.org/W4322731620","https://openalex.org/W2903578902","https://openalex.org/W2900292107","https://openalex.org/W4292814203","https://openalex.org/W2566107524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classification":[0],"of":[1,12,38,41,50,79],"data":[2,43],"with":[3,56],"imbalanced":[4,42],"class":[5,27,73],"distribution":[6,28],"has":[7],"encountered":[8],"a":[9,24,36],"significant":[10],"drawback":[11],"the":[13,39,45,48,51,53,61,67,72,77],"performance":[14],"attainable":[15],"by":[16],"most":[17],"standard":[18,57],"classifier":[19,58],"learning":[20,54,59,62],"algorithms":[21],"which":[22],"assume":[23],"relatively":[25],"balanced":[26],"and":[29,64,71],"equal":[30],"misclassification":[31],"costs.":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"provides":[35],"review":[37],"classification":[40],"regarding:":[44],"application":[46],"domains;":[47],"nature":[49],"problem;":[52],"difficulties":[55],"algorithms;":[60],"objectives":[63],"evaluation":[65],"measures;":[66],"reported":[68],"research":[69],"solutions;":[70],"imbalance":[74],"problem":[75],"in":[76],"presence":[78],"multiple":[80],"classes.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":112},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":173},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":214},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":216},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":219},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":165},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":143},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
