{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981799530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007181","title":"AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF GABOR REPRESENTATIONS FOR FACE RECOGNITION","display_name":"AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF GABOR REPRESENTATIONS FOR FACE RECOGNITION","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981799530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007181","mag":"1981799530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001409007181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037386486","display_name":"M. Ashraful Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-9775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. ASHRAFUL AMIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Electronic Engineering; City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering; City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644375","display_name":"Hong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-3095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["AU","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HONG YAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong School of Electrical &amp; Information Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong School of Electrical &amp; Information Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037386486"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5886,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90293896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"03","first_page":"401","last_page":"431"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7906745672225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7402209043502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabor-wavelet","display_name":"Gabor wavelet","score":0.7046146988868713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabor-filter","display_name":"Gabor filter","score":0.7038099765777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.5987741947174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5804021954536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5750511884689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.574185848236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5704327821731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5593236684799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.5291334390640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.45866644382476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.367975115776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3417212963104248}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7906745672225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7402209043502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136902061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16981559","display_name":"Gabor wavelet","level":5,"score":0.7046146988868713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779883129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2447890","display_name":"Gabor filter","level":3,"score":0.7038099765777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.5987741947174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5804021954536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5750511884689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.574185848236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5704327821731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5593236684799194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.5291334390640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.45866644382476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.367975115776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3417212963104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001409007181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595740553","https://openalex.org/W1833977909","https://openalex.org/W1964168965","https://openalex.org/W1970021847","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2006500012","https://openalex.org/W2029683515","https://openalex.org/W2035300447","https://openalex.org/W2040179990","https://openalex.org/W2054891869","https://openalex.org/W2095757522","https://openalex.org/W2096044434","https://openalex.org/W2102897151","https://openalex.org/W2115689562","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2130982917","https://openalex.org/W2131273085","https://openalex.org/W2133180260","https://openalex.org/W2135463994","https://openalex.org/W2138100172","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2139900086","https://openalex.org/W2146474141","https://openalex.org/W2154624311","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2159540571","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W4249348869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070838085","https://openalex.org/W2374740620","https://openalex.org/W2495360253","https://openalex.org/W1811332408","https://openalex.org/W2518455383","https://openalex.org/W2066448268","https://openalex.org/W2559560477","https://openalex.org/W2009069257","https://openalex.org/W2228937159","https://openalex.org/W37053142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,43],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,39,62,65,82,88,93,106,165,172,180,189],"classification":[4,114,119,147],"capability":[5],"of":[6,64],"different":[7,47],"Gabor":[8,15,40,48,68,76,85,139,158,168,182],"representations":[9,87],"for":[10,18,24,53,110,187],"human":[11],"face":[12,54,111],"recognition.":[13,55],"Usually,":[14],"filter":[16,89],"responses":[17,90],"eight":[19],"orientations":[20],"and":[21,29,71,129],"five":[22],"scales":[23],"each":[25],"orientation":[26,99],"are":[27,35,161],"calculated":[28],"all":[30,81,155,188],"40":[31,66,83,134,156],"basic":[32,67,84,157,181],"feature":[33,41,49,69,77,86,159,169,183],"vectors":[34,70,160,184],"concatenated":[36],"to":[37,60,72,103,163],"assemble":[38],"vector.":[42,170],"work":[44],"explores":[45],"70":[46],"vector":[50,126],"extraction":[51,78],"techniques":[52],"The":[56],"main":[57],"goal":[58],"is":[59,115,148,185],"determine":[61],"characteristics":[63],"devise":[73],"a":[74,174],"faster":[75,136],"method.":[79],"Among":[80],"acquired":[91],"from":[92],"largest":[94],"scale":[95],"at":[96],"smallest":[97],"relative":[98],"change":[100],"(with":[101],"respect":[102],"face)":[104],"shows":[105,141],"highest":[107],"discriminating":[108],"ability":[109],"recognition":[112,144],"while":[113,146],"performed":[116,149],"using":[117,150],"three":[118],"methods:":[120],"probabilistic":[121],"neural":[122],"networks":[123],"(PNN),":[124],"support":[125],"machines":[127],"(SVM)":[128],"decision":[130],"trees":[131],"(DT).":[132],"A":[133],"times":[135],"summation":[137,166],"based":[138,167],"representation":[140,154],"about":[142],"98%":[143],"rate":[145],"SVM.":[151],"In":[152,171],"this":[153],"summed":[162],"form":[164],"experiment,":[173],"sixth":[175],"order":[176],"data":[177],"tensor":[178],"containing":[179],"constructed,":[186],"operations.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
