{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039431231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409006990","title":"HIGH PERFORMANCE, LOW-COMPLEXITY LINE-BASED MOTION ESTIMATION ALGORITHM WITH SMOOTHING AND PREPROCESSING","display_name":"HIGH PERFORMANCE, LOW-COMPLEXITY LINE-BASED MOTION ESTIMATION ALGORITHM WITH SMOOTHING AND PREPROCESSING","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039431231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409006990","mag":"2039431231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001409006990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409006990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053925022","display_name":"Li Wern Chew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4994-7812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"LI WERN CHEW","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039964634","display_name":"Wai Chong Chia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2529-4004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"WAI CHONG CHIA","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073635669","display_name":"Li-Minn Ang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-7529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LI-MINN ANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111525101","display_name":"Kah Phooi Seng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155043079","display_name":"University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz9mt17","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KAH PHOOI SENG","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500 Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155043079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053925022"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155043079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59154393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"01","first_page":"101","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroblock","display_name":"Macroblock","score":0.9065254330635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.6746163368225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-estimation","display_name":"Motion estimation","score":0.6358073949813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5926232933998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5114213824272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-frame","display_name":"Inter frame","score":0.5101073384284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4984009265899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46944117546081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.428086519241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.42425405979156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-frame","display_name":"Reference frame","score":0.4184585511684418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.41224658489227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40351980924606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30405884981155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.117828369140625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124828224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632668","display_name":"Macroblock","level":3,"score":0.9065254330635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.6746163368225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.6358073949813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5926232933998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5114213824272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39394851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q921594","display_name":"Inter frame","level":4,"score":0.5101073384284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4984009265899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46944117546081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.428086519241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.42425405979156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172849965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3148875","display_name":"Reference frame","level":3,"score":0.4184585511684418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.41224658489227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40351980924606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30405884981155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.117828369140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001409006990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409006990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020182573","https://openalex.org/W2087386508","https://openalex.org/W2110020242","https://openalex.org/W2114021467","https://openalex.org/W2116449393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545120792","https://openalex.org/W2366173767","https://openalex.org/W2367517378","https://openalex.org/W1999265669","https://openalex.org/W1982044309","https://openalex.org/W2164973598","https://openalex.org/W2168627807","https://openalex.org/W2140116745","https://openalex.org/W1579940903","https://openalex.org/W2100145287"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,10,21,44,70,103,201],"smoothing":[4,22,38],"and":[5,64,123,138,170,200],"preprocessing":[6,105],"(S+P)":[7],"technique":[8,134,182],"for":[9,61],"line-based":[11],"one-bit-transform":[12],"(1BT)":[13],"motion":[14,124,187],"estimation":[15,188],"scheme.":[16],"In":[17,179],"the":[18,31,37,56,58,62,77,84,87,91,95,111,114,141,148,151,155,159,162,171,204],"proposed":[19],"algorithm,":[20],"threshold":[23,106],"(":[24,107],"Threshold":[25,108],"S":[26],")":[27],"is":[28,43,80,101,117,126,157,173,213],"incorporated":[29],"into":[30,69],"1BT":[32,49,59,156,186],"convolutional":[33],"kernel.":[34],"By":[35,146],"using":[36,215],"threshold,":[39],"scattering":[40],"noise":[41],"which":[42],"common":[45],"problem":[46],"in":[47,76,90,113,192,203],"most":[48],"images":[50,60],"can":[51],"be":[52],"greatly":[53,139],"reduced.":[54],"After":[55],"transformation,":[57],"current":[63,78,115,184],"reference":[65,92],"frames":[66],"are":[67],"divided":[68],"number":[71,142,205],"of":[72,97,143,161,206],"macroblocks.":[73],"The":[74],"macroblock":[75,85,112],"frame":[79,116],"first":[81],"compared":[82],"with":[83],"at":[86],"same":[88],"position":[89],"frame.":[93],"If":[94],"Sum":[96],"Absolute":[98],"Difference":[99],"(SAD)":[100],"below":[102],"certain":[104],"P":[109],"),":[110],"considered":[118],"to":[119,197,211],"have":[120],"negligible":[121],"movement":[122],"search":[125,144,207],"not":[127],"performed.":[128],"Simulation":[129],"results":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132],"this":[133,181],"achieves":[135],"high":[136],"performance":[137,160,194],"reduces":[140],"operations.":[145],"incorporating":[147],"S+P":[149],"technique,":[150],"PSNR":[152,193],"achieved":[153,214],"by":[154,195,209],"approaches":[158],"8-bit":[163],"Full":[164],"Search":[165],"Block":[166],"Matching":[167],"Algorithm":[168],"(FSBMA),":[169],"difference":[172],"as":[174,176],"low":[175],"0.08":[177],"dB.":[178],"addition,":[180],"outperforms":[183],"state-of-the-art":[185],"techniques.":[189],"An":[190],"improvement":[191],"up":[196],"0.6":[198],"dB":[199],"reduction":[202],"operations":[208],"60%":[210],"93%":[212],"video":[216],"conferencing":[217],"sequences.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
