{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048916794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003630","title":"OFFLINE SIGNATURE VERIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION USING DISTANCE STATISTICS","display_name":"OFFLINE SIGNATURE VERIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION USING DISTANCE STATISTICS","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048916794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003630","mag":"2048916794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001404003630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017636928","display_name":"MEENAKSHI K. KALERA","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"MEENAKSHI K. KALERA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102711181","display_name":"Sargur N. Srihari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SARGUR SRIHARI","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEDAR, SUNY at Buffalo,  UB Commons, 520 Lee #202, Buffalo, New York, USA","CEDAR, SUNY at Buffalo, UB Commons, 520 Lee #202, Buffalo, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDAR, SUNY at Buffalo,  UB Commons, 520 Lee #202, Buffalo, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDAR, SUNY at Buffalo, UB Commons, 520 Lee #202, Buffalo, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006729156","display_name":"Aihua Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AIHUA XU","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEDAR, SUNY at Buffalo,  UB Commons, 520 Lee #202, Buffalo, New York, USA","CEDAR, SUNY at Buffalo, UB Commons, 520 Lee #202, Buffalo, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDAR, SUNY at Buffalo,  UB Commons, 520 Lee #202, Buffalo, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDAR, SUNY at Buffalo, UB Commons, 520 Lee #202, Buffalo, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017636928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":378,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96537794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"07","first_page":"1339","last_page":"1360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.799498438835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7503721714019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.7345563173294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6570752859115601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6567448973655701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6362336874008179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5028268694877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.49904370307922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.49472853541374207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.48284751176834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.4779760539531708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4565314054489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17377623915672302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.799498438835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7503721714019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.7345563173294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6570752859115601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6567448973655701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6362336874008179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5028268694877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.49904370307922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.49472853541374207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48284751176834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.4779760539531708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4565314054489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17377623915672302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001404003630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.93.9256","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.93.9256","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cedar.buffalo.edu/~srihari/papers/IJPRAI2004.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57463979","https://openalex.org/W1606323814","https://openalex.org/W1821815814","https://openalex.org/W1987030619","https://openalex.org/W2004593540","https://openalex.org/W2017075600","https://openalex.org/W2018914472","https://openalex.org/W2035066202","https://openalex.org/W2040453070","https://openalex.org/W2053637110","https://openalex.org/W2064686536","https://openalex.org/W2070028154","https://openalex.org/W2072440922","https://openalex.org/W2080957671","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2091099075","https://openalex.org/W2105285775","https://openalex.org/W2111140386","https://openalex.org/W2119108211","https://openalex.org/W2124244430","https://openalex.org/W2142069714","https://openalex.org/W2146850796","https://openalex.org/W2149684865","https://openalex.org/W2155001538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899363912","https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W2558183247","https://openalex.org/W2107320953","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W2787081548","https://openalex.org/W183832189","https://openalex.org/W3005534356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,59],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,17,104],"novel":[4],"approach":[5],"for":[6,27,54],"signature":[7,90,112],"verification":[8,55,91,97],"and":[9,24,52,56,80,92,98],"identification":[10,93,99],"in":[11,64],"an":[12],"offline":[13,95],"environment":[14],"based":[15,76],"on":[16,77],"quasi-multiresolution":[18],"technique":[19],"using":[20],"GSC":[21],"(Gradient,":[22],"Structural":[23],"Concavity)":[25],"features":[26,31],"feature":[28],"extraction.":[29],"These":[30],"when":[32],"used":[33],"at":[34,73],"the":[35,40,107,111],"word":[36],"level,":[37,42],"instead":[38],"of":[39,68,70],"character":[41],"yield":[43],"promising":[44],"results":[45],"with":[46],"accuracies":[47],"as":[48,50,94],"high":[49],"78%":[51],"93%":[53],"identification,":[57],"respectively.":[58],"method":[60],"was":[61],"successfully":[62],"employed":[63],"our":[65],"previous":[66],"theory":[67],"individuality":[69],"handwriting":[71,96,108],"developed":[72],"CEDAR":[74],"\u2014":[75],"obtaining":[78],"within":[79],"between":[81],"writer":[82],"statistical":[83],"distance":[84],"distributions.":[85],"In":[86],"this":[87],"paper,":[88],"exploring":[89],"tasks":[100],"respectively,":[101],"we":[102],"depict":[103],"mapping":[105],"from":[106],"domain":[109],"to":[110],"domain.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
