{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010410196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003526","title":"SECURE IMAGE HIDING SCHEME BASED UPON VECTOR QUANTIZATION","display_name":"SECURE IMAGE HIDING SCHEME BASED UPON VECTOR QUANTIZATION","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010410196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003526","mag":"2010410196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001404003526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074544822","display_name":"Yu\u2010Chen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5055-3645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177918364","display_name":"Providence University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fcpsq87","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177918364"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196272386","display_name":"Providence College","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxpqe74","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YU-CHEN HU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and  Information Management, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan 433, R.O.C","Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan 433, R.O.C.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and  Information Management, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan 433, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177918364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan 433, R.O.C.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"MIN-HUI LIN","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177918364","display_name":"Providence University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fcpsq87","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177918364"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196272386","display_name":"Providence College","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxpqe74","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MIN-HUI LIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and  Information Management, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan 433, R.O.C","Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan 433, R.O.C.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and  Information Management, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan 433, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177918364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan 433, R.O.C.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8157,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7416404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"06","first_page":"1111","last_page":"1130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-quantization","display_name":"Vector quantization","score":0.7322354316711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.7252410054206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6060351729393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5753294229507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5734178423881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5350500345230103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5161055326461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5150620341300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5130659341812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4566776156425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.4497067332267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4456350803375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.42606669664382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.41322463750839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4016179144382477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2787247896194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.05993351340293884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199833920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612536","display_name":"Vector quantization","level":2,"score":0.7322354316711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.7252410054206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6060351729393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5753294229507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5734178423881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5350500345230103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5161055326461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5150620341300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5130659341812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4566776156425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.4497067332267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4456350803375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42606669664382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.41322463750839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4016179144382477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2787247896194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.05993351340293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001404003526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001404003526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1882297107","https://openalex.org/W1977226272","https://openalex.org/W1994834625","https://openalex.org/W1996360405","https://openalex.org/W2006704095","https://openalex.org/W2022416233","https://openalex.org/W2066021566","https://openalex.org/W2077535460","https://openalex.org/W2093104721","https://openalex.org/W2096050104","https://openalex.org/W2097559935","https://openalex.org/W2099202463","https://openalex.org/W2120879609","https://openalex.org/W2122256249","https://openalex.org/W2124890704","https://openalex.org/W2132385717","https://openalex.org/W2133722030","https://openalex.org/W2134383396","https://openalex.org/W2155320376","https://openalex.org/W2158587798","https://openalex.org/W2160311847","https://openalex.org/W2161022751","https://openalex.org/W2730962564","https://openalex.org/W2913399920","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4244017338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961958512","https://openalex.org/W2134487303","https://openalex.org/W2144065516","https://openalex.org/W2143890175","https://openalex.org/W3209251257","https://openalex.org/W2170236946","https://openalex.org/W2118208173","https://openalex.org/W2145270096","https://openalex.org/W2965484163","https://openalex.org/W4232705780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,103,121],"this":[1,13],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,156],"novel":[4],"gray-level":[5,20,25],"image-hiding":[6],"scheme":[7,14,125,154],"is":[8,15,45,63],"proposed.":[9],"The":[10,27],"goal":[11],"of":[12,70,85,117,129,146,168],"to":[16,30,54,78,159],"hide":[17],"multiple":[18,106,161],"important":[19,162],"images":[21,29,96,108,132,163],"into":[22,65,113,164],"another":[23,165],"meaningful":[24,166],"image.":[26,76],"secret":[28,100,107,131,149],"be":[31,110],"protected":[32],"are":[33,91],"first":[34],"compressed":[35,148],"using":[36],"the":[37,42,48,56,60,66,74,79,94,98,118,123,127,130,135,139,143,147,152,169],"vector":[38],"quantization":[39],"scheme.":[40],"Then,":[41],"DES":[43,136],"cryptosystem":[44,137],"conducted":[46],"on":[47,138],"VQ":[49,144],"indices":[50,145],"and":[51,88,97,142],"related":[52,140],"parameters":[53,141],"generate":[55],"encrypted":[57,61],"message.":[58],"Finally,":[59],"message":[62],"embedded":[64,95],"rightmost":[67],"two":[68],"bits":[69],"each":[71],"pixel":[72],"in":[73],"cover":[75],"According":[77],"experimental":[80],"results,":[81],"average":[82],"image":[83,116,167],"qualities":[84],"44.320":[86],"dB":[87,90],"30.885":[89],"achieved":[92],"for":[93],"retrieved":[99],"images,":[101],"respectively.":[102],"other":[104],"words,":[105],"can":[109],"effectively":[111],"hidden":[112],"one":[114],"host":[115],"same":[119,170],"size.":[120,171],"addition,":[122],"proposed":[124,153],"strengthens":[126],"protection":[128],"by":[133],"conducting":[134],"images.":[150],"Therefore,":[151],"provides":[155],"secure":[157],"approach":[158],"embed":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
