{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141098897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001400000106","title":"LOW-COMPLEXITY CHARACTER EXTRACTION IN LOW-CONTRAST SCENE IMAGES","display_name":"LOW-COMPLEXITY CHARACTER EXTRACTION IN LOW-CONTRAST SCENE IMAGES","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141098897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001400000106","mag":"2141098897"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001400000106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001400000106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034199264","display_name":"L.L. Winger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"LOWELL L. WINGER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,  University of Toronto, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,  University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029640432","display_name":"John A. Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7857-8556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JOHN A. ROBINSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110049483","display_name":"M. Ed Jernigan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. ED JERNIGAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering,  University of Waterloo, Canada","Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering,  University of Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034199264"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8024,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78381606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"02","first_page":"113","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.8297210931777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8211724162101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7903704643249512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.7806023955345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7054791450500488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6306524872779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4841323792934418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.46645110845565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.460357129573822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.311276376247406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.8297210931777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8211724162101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7903704643249512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.7806023955345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7054791450500488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6306524872779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4841323792934418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.46645110845565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.460357129573822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.311276376247406}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218001400000106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218001400000106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41486457","display_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0218-0014","issn":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1747990","https://openalex.org/W1891152514","https://openalex.org/W1977654659","https://openalex.org/W1978201170","https://openalex.org/W1986926502","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2005964041","https://openalex.org/W2019995264","https://openalex.org/W2039307316","https://openalex.org/W2067681708","https://openalex.org/W2077939625","https://openalex.org/W2094549658","https://openalex.org/W2096832794","https://openalex.org/W2130891382","https://openalex.org/W2135362013","https://openalex.org/W2160069326","https://openalex.org/W2164741953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138983844","https://openalex.org/W1968965685","https://openalex.org/W2012792772","https://openalex.org/W2356573839","https://openalex.org/W2952127465","https://openalex.org/W2111883783","https://openalex.org/W2009028679","https://openalex.org/W2357424838","https://openalex.org/W2356903262","https://openalex.org/W4237142086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,39],"wide":[2],"application":[3,130],"for":[4,24,31,48,117,129],"the":[5,32,40,118],"extraction":[6,119],"of":[7,52,74,83,108,120],"textual":[8],"information":[9],"from":[10,58,122],"low-contrast,":[11],"complex":[12,115],"natural":[13],"images.":[14,124],"We":[15,43],"are":[16,127],"particularly":[17],"interested":[18],"in":[19,26,131],"segmentation":[20],"and":[21,56,70,76,97,102],"thresholding":[22,85],"algorithms":[23],"use":[25],"a":[27,45,62,88,93,99,132],"portable":[28,134],"text-to-speech":[29],"system":[30],"vision":[33],"impaired.":[34],"Reading":[35],"low-contrast":[36],"LCD":[37],"displays":[38],"target":[41],"application.":[42],"present":[44],"low-complexity":[46,100],"method":[47,81,110],"automatically":[49],"extracting":[50],"text":[51],"any":[53],"size,":[54],"font,":[55],"format":[57],"images":[59],"acquired":[60],"by":[61],"video":[63],"camera":[64],"that":[65,86],"may":[66],"be":[67],"poorly":[68],"focused":[69],"aimed,":[71],"under":[72],"conditions":[73],"inadequate":[75],"uneven":[77],"illumination.":[78],"The":[79,106],"new":[80],"consists":[82],"fast":[84],"combines":[87],"local":[89],"variance":[90],"measure":[91],"with":[92,98,113],"logical":[94],"stroke-width":[95],"method,":[96],"statistical":[101],"contextual":[103],"noise":[104],"segmentation.":[105],"performance":[107],"this":[109],"compares":[111],"favorably":[112],"more":[114],"methods":[116],"characters":[121],"scene":[123],"Initial":[125],"results":[126],"encouraging":[128],"robust":[133],"reader.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}