{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164713110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217595921500251","title":"Efficiency Loss and Coordination in the Online Shopping Supply Chain with Competitive Shipping Companies","display_name":"Efficiency Loss and Coordination in the Online Shopping Supply Chain with Competitive Shipping Companies","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164713110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217595921500251","mag":"3164713110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0217595921500251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217595921500251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1254427","display_name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0217-5959","issn":["0217-5959","1793-7019"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055103674","display_name":"Yihong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-8316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002643397","display_name":"Qiang Qiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-3236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2875385606","display_name":"Great Valley Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0150nnh74","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2875385606"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Qiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies, Pennsylvania, State University, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies, Pennsylvania, State University, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2875385606","https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002643397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515","https://openalex.org/I2875385606"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4373,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67088358,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"03","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.7509095668792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.7227386236190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitor-analysis","display_name":"Competitor analysis","score":0.6703267693519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.6312249898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.6263492107391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.5405136346817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue-sharing","display_name":"Revenue sharing","score":0.5049842000007629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.49328774213790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.21847766637802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.13593769073486328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.7509095668792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7227386236190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.6703267693519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6312249898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.6263492107391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.5405136346817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780964353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318025","display_name":"Revenue sharing","level":3,"score":0.5049842000007629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49328774213790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.21847766637802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.13593769073486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0217595921500251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217595921500251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1254427","display_name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0217-5959","issn":["0217-5959","1793-7019"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wsi:apjorx:v:39:y:2022:i:03:n:s0217595921500251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217595921500251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087344460","display_name":"\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8003\u8651\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u7b56\u7565\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71771179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1441609270","https://openalex.org/W1968539380","https://openalex.org/W1982384057","https://openalex.org/W1994804537","https://openalex.org/W2018892793","https://openalex.org/W2023005313","https://openalex.org/W2037148680","https://openalex.org/W2042593615","https://openalex.org/W2048920409","https://openalex.org/W2049907802","https://openalex.org/W2059680781","https://openalex.org/W2068436685","https://openalex.org/W2076517655","https://openalex.org/W2077787105","https://openalex.org/W2084281377","https://openalex.org/W2090374922","https://openalex.org/W2120439947","https://openalex.org/W2128778176","https://openalex.org/W2139776016","https://openalex.org/W2151339398","https://openalex.org/W2155094695","https://openalex.org/W2157406401","https://openalex.org/W2164596829","https://openalex.org/W2166691676","https://openalex.org/W2177295793","https://openalex.org/W2410823054","https://openalex.org/W2416262980","https://openalex.org/W2607780400","https://openalex.org/W2740100765","https://openalex.org/W2755315382","https://openalex.org/W2755381787","https://openalex.org/W2770521541","https://openalex.org/W2809483105","https://openalex.org/W2885116036","https://openalex.org/W2890475755","https://openalex.org/W2893333217","https://openalex.org/W2906569750","https://openalex.org/W2973746276","https://openalex.org/W2978043869","https://openalex.org/W3033262234","https://openalex.org/W3121957740","https://openalex.org/W3122293782","https://openalex.org/W3123383311","https://openalex.org/W3125511836","https://openalex.org/W3125903500","https://openalex.org/W3126031055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3186169151","https://openalex.org/W2768297557","https://openalex.org/W232337777","https://openalex.org/W2353197970","https://openalex.org/W2385657556","https://openalex.org/W3093143475","https://openalex.org/W1960429301","https://openalex.org/W2061847062","https://openalex.org/W2910697973","https://openalex.org/W2589096548"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,202],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"efficiency":[3,77,122,187],"loss":[4,78,107,123,188],"and":[5,16,36,59,63,87,102,117,160,177,211],"coordination":[6,153],"mechanism":[7],"in":[8,21,190],"a":[9,29,147],"supply":[10,61,82,140,193],"chain":[11,83,141,194],"with":[12,84,124],"one":[13,85,88],"online":[14],"retailer":[15,86],"multiple":[17,125],"competitive":[18,164],"shipping":[19,34,51,89,115,127,175,183,197,212],"companies":[20,35,116,128,165,176,184,198],"the":[22,37,54,68,80,98,103,138,161,170,180,186,191,205],"presence":[23],"of":[24,73,79,97,121,152,163],"congestion":[25],"effects.":[26],"We":[27],"build":[28],"three-level":[30],"game":[31],"between":[32,182,208],"customers,":[33],"retailer.":[38],"The":[39,45,76,106,150],"equilibrium":[40],"market":[41],"structure":[42],"is":[43,53,65,91,108,112,129,154,158],"determined.":[44],"optimal":[46],"volume\u2013investment":[47],"ratio":[48],"for":[49,56,217],"each":[50],"company":[52,90],"same":[55],"both":[57],"centralized":[58,148],"decentralized":[60,81,139,192],"chains,":[62],"it":[64],"dependent":[66],"on":[67],"delivery":[69,99],"time":[70,100],"function,":[71],"independent":[72,96],"competitors\u2019":[74],"decisions.":[75],"found":[92],"to":[93,136,142,172],"be":[94,134],"1/4,":[95],"function":[101],"demand":[104],"function.":[105],"reduced":[109,155],"when":[110,156],"competition":[111,157],"introduced":[113,159],"into":[114],"an":[118],"upper":[119],"bound":[120],"homogeneous":[126],"derived.":[130],"Revenue-sharing":[131],"contracts":[132],"may":[133],"designed":[135],"allow":[137],"perform":[143],"as":[144,146],"well":[145],"one.":[149],"necessity":[151],"number":[162],"increases.":[166],"Finally,":[167],"we":[168],"extend":[169],"model":[171],"consider":[173],"heterogeneous":[174],"find":[178],"that":[179],"disparity":[181],"increases":[185],"because":[189],"less":[195],"efficient":[196],"also":[199],"provide":[200],"service.":[201],"research":[203],"explicates":[204],"relationship":[206],"options":[207],"e-commerce":[209],"retailers":[210],"companies,":[213],"providing":[214],"managerial":[215],"insights":[216],"industry":[218],"practitioners.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}