{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972894812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217595919500350","title":"<i>Ex ante</i>and<i>Ex post</i>Subcontracting between Two Competing Bidders","display_name":"<i>Ex ante</i>and<i>Ex post</i>Subcontracting between Two Competing Bidders","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972894812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217595919500350","mag":"2972894812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0217595919500350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217595919500350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1254427","display_name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0217-5959","issn":["0217-5959","1793-7019"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014857308","display_name":"Sijing Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-5024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sijing Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015449353","display_name":"Jiayan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2577-3862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lingnan College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lingnan College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13129371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"01","first_page":"1950035","last_page":"1950035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidding","display_name":"Bidding","score":0.744890570640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-ante","display_name":"Ex-ante","score":0.7011174559593201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.6109837889671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procurement","display_name":"Procurement","score":0.5973397493362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5018646717071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-value-auction","display_name":"Common value auction","score":0.499800443649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bargaining-power","display_name":"Bargaining power","score":0.46528688073158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.4369143843650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.4356004595756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.08894237875938416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9233905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276328","display_name":"Bidding","level":2,"score":0.744890570640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122251271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940039","display_name":"Ex-ante","level":2,"score":0.7011174559593201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.6109837889671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201650216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829492","display_name":"Procurement","level":2,"score":0.5973397493362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5018646717071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163239763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153637","display_name":"Common value auction","level":2,"score":0.499800443649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48057960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625018","display_name":"Bargaining power","level":2,"score":0.46528688073158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4369143843650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4356004595756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.08894237875938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0217595919500350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217595919500350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1254427","display_name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0217-5959","issn":["0217-5959","1793-7019"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wsi:apjorx:v:37:y:2020:i:01:n:s0217595919500350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0217595919500350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8191535780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71802197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1135104811","https://openalex.org/W1494401919","https://openalex.org/W1574769488","https://openalex.org/W1973918607","https://openalex.org/W1975837270","https://openalex.org/W1983197110","https://openalex.org/W1992440124","https://openalex.org/W2003035190","https://openalex.org/W2024549240","https://openalex.org/W2026819726","https://openalex.org/W2031055308","https://openalex.org/W2034889598","https://openalex.org/W2048351503","https://openalex.org/W2065880063","https://openalex.org/W2078370404","https://openalex.org/W2085363685","https://openalex.org/W2086664997","https://openalex.org/W2090988121","https://openalex.org/W2097418040","https://openalex.org/W2102730642","https://openalex.org/W2106760082","https://openalex.org/W2122017263","https://openalex.org/W2160747366","https://openalex.org/W2163065524","https://openalex.org/W2163107856","https://openalex.org/W2549196829","https://openalex.org/W2580488777","https://openalex.org/W2791785276","https://openalex.org/W2890080446","https://openalex.org/W3123396550","https://openalex.org/W4253862305","https://openalex.org/W4297970689","https://openalex.org/W4299846046","https://openalex.org/W4308765127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355561715","https://openalex.org/W2353137333","https://openalex.org/W2369720308","https://openalex.org/W2886188438","https://openalex.org/W2368635184","https://openalex.org/W2147694495","https://openalex.org/W1995388959","https://openalex.org/W1984203460","https://openalex.org/W1562320220","https://openalex.org/W3124530640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,29,117],"consider":[1,30],"a":[2,27,124],"first-price":[3],"sealed-bid":[4],"procurement":[5],"auction":[6,112],"between":[7,36],"two":[8,31,38,52,77,100],"capacity":[9,17,34,58,90,172,185],"constrained":[10],"bidders.":[11],"Either":[12],"bidder,":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,21,82,109,150],"the":[16,23,37,49,57,70,74,83,89,103,111,139,151,162,169,183],"constraint,":[18],"is":[19,179],"unable":[20],"fulfill":[22],"auctioned":[24],"project":[25],"from":[26,138],"buyer.":[28],"formats":[32],"of":[33],"cooperation":[35,59,91],"competing":[39],"bidders:":[40],"ex":[41,45,94,97,140,156],"ante":[42,95,141],"subcontracting":[43],"and":[44,61,85,132,143,166],"post":[46,98,157],"subcontracting.":[47,116,154],"In":[48,73],"former":[50],"case,":[51,76],"bidders":[53,78,101,135],"first":[54,79],"bargain":[55,87],"over":[56,88],"contract":[60],"then":[62,86],"compete":[63,108],"with":[64,171,182],"each":[65],"other":[66],"by":[67],"bidding":[68,130],"for":[69],"buyer\u2019s":[71],"project.":[72],"latter":[75],"submit":[80,144],"bids":[81],"buyer":[84],"contract.":[92],"With":[93],"or":[96],"subcontracting,":[99,142,158],"have":[102],"so-called":[104],"co-opetition":[105],"relationship:":[106],"they":[107],"win":[110],"but":[113],"cooperate":[114],"through":[115],"find":[118],"that":[119],"bidders\u2019":[120,175],"subcontract":[121],"timing":[122],"has":[123],"fundamental":[125],"impact":[126],"on":[127],"their":[128],"competitive":[129],"behavior":[131],"profits.":[133],"Both":[134],"will":[136,160],"benefit":[137],"higher":[145],"equilibrium":[146,163],"bid":[147,164],"prices,":[148],"compared":[149],"case":[152],"without":[153],"The":[155],"however,":[159],"lower":[161],"price":[165],"may":[167],"hurt":[168],"bidder":[170],"advantage":[173],"when":[174],"relative":[176,184],"bargaining":[177],"power":[178],"not":[180],"consistent":[181],"advantage.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
