{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2130912051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065796000270","title":"CONCEPT HIERARCHY MEMORY MODEL: A NEURAL ARCHITECTURE FOR CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION, LEARNING, AND COMMONSENSE REASONING","display_name":"CONCEPT HIERARCHY MEMORY MODEL: A NEURAL ARCHITECTURE FOR CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION, LEARNING, AND COMMONSENSE REASONING","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2130912051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065796000270","mag":"2130912051","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8891845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065796000270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065796000270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/5225","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004167801","display_name":"Ah\u2010Hwee Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-4069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"AH-HWEE TAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWCP (Real World Computing Partnership) Neuro ISS Laboratory (Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore) Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119597, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWCP (Real World Computing Partnership) Neuro ISS Laboratory (Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore) Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119597, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079469289","display_name":"Hui-Shin Vivien Soon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58236372","display_name":"Ngee Ann Polytechnic","ror":"https://ror.org/01w953x65","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58236372"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HUI-SHIN VIVIEN SOON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computer Studies, Ngee Ann Polytechnic Institute, 535 Clementi Rd, Singapore 599489, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computer Studies, Ngee Ann Polytechnic Institute, 535 Clementi Rd, Singapore 599489, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58236372"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004167801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I3004594783"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17920858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"07","issue":"03","first_page":"305","last_page":"319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.6795318126678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6564356684684753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-resonance-theory","display_name":"Adaptive resonance theory","score":0.6357553005218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5704687237739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chunking","display_name":"Chunking (psychology)","score":0.5676164627075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commonsense-reasoning","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","score":0.5269924998283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-property","display_name":"Associative property","score":0.5007116794586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commonsense-knowledge","display_name":"Commonsense knowledge","score":0.4876450300216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.426146924495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3962233066558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.34904006123542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.34498804807662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15761664509773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1189740002155304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.6795318126678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6564356684684753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115755159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352487","display_name":"Adaptive resonance theory","level":3,"score":0.6357553005218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5704687237739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203357204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089605","display_name":"Chunking (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5676164627075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193221554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153664","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5269924998283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.5007116794586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30542707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1603203","display_name":"Commonsense knowledge","level":3,"score":0.4876450300216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.426146924495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3962233066558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.34904006123542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.34498804807662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15761664509773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1189740002155304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003658","descriptor_name":"Decision Making, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003658","descriptor_name":"Decision Making, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003658","descriptor_name":"Decision Making, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065796000270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065796000270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8891845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8891845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of neural systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-6228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/5225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196871","display_name":"Institutional Knowledge (InK) - Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129065796000270","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.386.516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.386.516","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://techlab.bu.edu/files/resources/articles_tt/tan_soon_1996.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-6228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/5225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196871","display_name":"Institutional Knowledge (InK) - Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129065796000270","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1903738135","https://openalex.org/W2012611887","https://openalex.org/W2015857587","https://openalex.org/W2097197293","https://openalex.org/W2115989684","https://openalex.org/W2142362723","https://openalex.org/W2153012070","https://openalex.org/W2166280719","https://openalex.org/W2492545554","https://openalex.org/W2754073531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3035583586","https://openalex.org/W4320165839","https://openalex.org/W2151799802","https://openalex.org/W4386607580","https://openalex.org/W4385488510","https://openalex.org/W2196562041","https://openalex.org/W2073302931","https://openalex.org/W4378501473","https://openalex.org/W3082691151","https://openalex.org/W1868862982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,28,42,60,69,78,82,102,130],"neural":[4],"network":[5],"based":[6,36,134],"cognitive":[7,100],"architecture":[8],"termed":[9],"Concept":[10,29,43],"Hierarchy":[11,44],"Memory":[12],"Model":[13],"(CHMM)":[14],"for":[15,72],"conceptual":[16],"knowledge":[17],"representation":[18],"and":[19,41,75,149],"commonsense":[20,144],"reasoning.":[21],"CHMM":[22,67,138],"is":[23],"composed":[24],"of":[25,77,121,143],"two":[26],"subnetworks:":[27],"Formation":[30],"Network":[31,45],"(CFN),":[32],"that":[33,47],"acquires":[34],"concepts":[35,98,114],"on":[37,54,124,135],"their":[38],"sensory":[39,92],"representations;":[40],"(CHN),":[46],"encodes":[48],"hierarchical":[49],"relationships":[50],"between":[51,97,113],"concepts.":[52],"Based":[53],"Adaptive":[55,62],"Resonance":[56,63],"Associative":[57],"Map":[58],"(ARAM),":[59],"supervised":[61],"Theory":[64],"(ART)":[65],"model,":[66],"provides":[68],"systematic":[70],"treatment":[71],"concept":[73,79,83,103,147],"formation":[74],"organization":[76],"hierarchy.":[80],"Specifically,":[81],"can":[84,105,115],"be":[85,106,117],"learned":[86],"by":[87],"sampling":[88],"activities":[89],"across":[90],"multiple":[91],"fields.":[93],"By":[94],"chunking":[95],"relations":[96,112],"as":[99],"codes,":[101],"hierarchy":[104],"learned/modified":[107],"through":[108],"experience.":[109],"Also,":[110],"fuzzy":[111],"now":[116],"represented":[118],"in":[119],"terms":[120],"the":[122,125],"weights":[123],"links":[126],"connecting":[127],"them.":[128],"Using":[129],"unified":[131],"inferencing":[132],"mechanism":[133],"code":[136],"firing,":[137],"performs":[139],"an":[140],"important":[141],"class":[142],"reasoning,":[145],"including":[146],"recognition":[148],"property":[150],"inheritance.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
