{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986522608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065789000062","title":"VLSI DEVICES AND CIRCUITS FOR NEURAL NETWORKS","display_name":"VLSI DEVICES AND CIRCUITS FOR NEURAL NETWORKS","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986522608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065789000062","mag":"1986522608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065789000062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065789000062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112348165","display_name":"H.C. Card","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. C. Card","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113530834","display_name":"W. R. Moore","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. R. Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13PJ, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13PJ, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5618,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94671443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"01","issue":"02","first_page":"149","last_page":"165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9261999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.8748288750648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7181895971298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectronics","display_name":"Microelectronics","score":0.6078748106956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5974826812744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5899729132652283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.5191423296928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5129851698875427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.507930338382721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hebbian-theory","display_name":"Hebbian theory","score":0.4527471661567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4381941854953766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3540992736816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3423217833042145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23622721433639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.17517361044883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1494554877281189}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.8748288750648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7181895971298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187937830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175403","display_name":"Microelectronics","level":2,"score":0.6078748106956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5974826812744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5899729132652283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.5191423296928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5129851698875427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.507930338382721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111437709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277874","display_name":"Hebbian theory","level":3,"score":0.4527471661567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4381941854953766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3540992736816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3423217833042145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23622721433639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.17517361044883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1494554877281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065789000062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065789000062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098073248","https://openalex.org/W2050042821","https://openalex.org/W1527995649","https://openalex.org/W4293114473","https://openalex.org/W2009080629","https://openalex.org/W1608474976","https://openalex.org/W1506367252","https://openalex.org/W3210903312","https://openalex.org/W2058578547","https://openalex.org/W2000290680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3,31],"tutorial":[4],"of":[5,39,75],"various":[6],"VLSI":[7,61,87],"approaches":[8,47],"to":[9,48,70,82,93,104],"synthesizing":[10],"artificial":[11],"neural":[12,94],"networks":[13],"as":[14,97],"microelectronic":[15],"systems.":[16,108],"The":[17,37],"means":[18],"by":[19],"which":[20,66,89],"the":[21,25,40],"network":[22],"learns":[23],"and":[24,50],"synaptic":[26],"weights":[27],"become":[28],"modified":[29],"is":[30,42,57,79],"central":[32],"theme":[33],"in":[34,62,86],"this":[35],"study.":[36],"majority":[38],"presentation":[41],"concerned":[43],"with":[44,73],"analog":[45],"circuit":[46],"neurons":[49],"synapses,":[51],"employing":[52],"CMOS":[53],"circuits.":[54],"Also":[55],"included":[56],"recent":[58],"work":[59],"towards":[60],"situ":[63],"learning":[64,72],"circuits":[65],"implement":[67],"qualitative":[68],"approximations":[69],"Hebbian":[71],"economy":[74],"transistors.":[76],"An":[77],"attempt":[78],"also":[80],"made":[81],"anticipate":[83],"relevant":[84],"developments":[85],"devices":[88],"would":[90],"be":[91],"suited":[92,103],"networks,":[95],"just":[96],"conventional":[98],"MOS":[99],"transistors":[100],"are":[101],"well":[102],"traditional":[105],"digital":[106],"computer":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}