{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315783096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065723500181","title":"Human Brain Dynamics and Coordination Reflect the Task Difficulty of Optical Image Relational Reasoning","display_name":"Human Brain Dynamics and Coordination Reflect the Task Difficulty of Optical Image Relational Reasoning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315783096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065723500181","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36842997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065723500181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065723500181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027932918","display_name":"Wen\u2010Chi Chou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0361-4548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Chi Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, National Changhua, University of Education, Taiwan, ROC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, National Changhua, University of Education, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027740395","display_name":"Hsiao\u2010Ching She","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-4426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiao-Ching She","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Education, National Yang Ming, Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, ROC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Education, National Yang Ming, Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, ROC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055443847","display_name":"Tzyy\u2010Ping Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzyy-Ping Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027932918"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54137849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"05","first_page":"2350018","last_page":"2350018"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha","display_name":"Alpha (finance)","score":0.6080016493797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5947510004043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.49848413467407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4947947859764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.44799935817718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.438546359539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-synchronization","display_name":"Phase synchronization","score":0.4208475947380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4208236634731293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.4058842360973358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36172646284103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.34175199270248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2559792399406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2008405327796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.1550513505935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.0799170732498169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64943373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651003","display_name":"Alpha (finance)","level":4,"score":0.6080016493797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5947510004043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49848413467407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4947947859764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.44799935817718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.438546359539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194027367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420475","display_name":"Phase synchronization","level":3,"score":0.4208475947380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4208236634731293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4058842360973358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36172646284103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.34175199270248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2559792399406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2008405327796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.1550513505935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0799170732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065723500181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065723500181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36842997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36842997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of neural systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W376506485","https://openalex.org/W607168730","https://openalex.org/W1813437934","https://openalex.org/W1847847467","https://openalex.org/W1939360364","https://openalex.org/W1964741907","https://openalex.org/W1975346989","https://openalex.org/W1984209717","https://openalex.org/W1986787497","https://openalex.org/W1990928820","https://openalex.org/W1994601552","https://openalex.org/W1997414951","https://openalex.org/W2006082701","https://openalex.org/W2006926596","https://openalex.org/W2008726591","https://openalex.org/W2010273594","https://openalex.org/W2010371409","https://openalex.org/W2011239230","https://openalex.org/W2023182532","https://openalex.org/W2028723065","https://openalex.org/W2029510783","https://openalex.org/W2030550929","https://openalex.org/W2030738833","https://openalex.org/W2032146992","https://openalex.org/W2032152873","https://openalex.org/W2037373316","https://openalex.org/W2044913511","https://openalex.org/W2048908566","https://openalex.org/W2053237057","https://openalex.org/W2055903898","https://openalex.org/W2060676103","https://openalex.org/W2061533263","https://openalex.org/W2066345105","https://openalex.org/W2071756182","https://openalex.org/W2071848875","https://openalex.org/W2076347184","https://openalex.org/W2082860333","https://openalex.org/W2088718465","https://openalex.org/W2092369775","https://openalex.org/W2096645274","https://openalex.org/W2099738183","https://openalex.org/W2100741386","https://openalex.org/W2101418508","https://openalex.org/W2103041502","https://openalex.org/W2115562224","https://openalex.org/W2116888785","https://openalex.org/W2117228279","https://openalex.org/W2120768649","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2129868883","https://openalex.org/W2131956332","https://openalex.org/W2132050332","https://openalex.org/W2132338668","https://openalex.org/W2140413964","https://openalex.org/W2143062588","https://openalex.org/W2154446803","https://openalex.org/W2157080893","https://openalex.org/W2161908852","https://openalex.org/W2162726907","https://openalex.org/W2168512521","https://openalex.org/W2170985506","https://openalex.org/W2171309260","https://openalex.org/W2171361802","https://openalex.org/W2193970175","https://openalex.org/W2293945095","https://openalex.org/W2304022674","https://openalex.org/W2333429923","https://openalex.org/W2502597670","https://openalex.org/W2606296795","https://openalex.org/W2606408532","https://openalex.org/W2781492770","https://openalex.org/W2968746786","https://openalex.org/W3038751235","https://openalex.org/W3082903656","https://openalex.org/W4231776349","https://openalex.org/W4248194214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2417836279","https://openalex.org/W2472139559","https://openalex.org/W2500005748","https://openalex.org/W2334563890","https://openalex.org/W2416347974","https://openalex.org/W2315353352","https://openalex.org/W2522347727","https://openalex.org/W2795072980","https://openalex.org/W2463056808","https://openalex.org/W2409201653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,34,129,148],"neuroscience,":[3],"the":[4,29,65,124,134,141,144],"mechanisms":[5],"by":[6],"which":[7],"human":[8],"brain":[9,31,187],"resolve":[10],"optical":[11,35,195],"image":[12,36,196],"formation":[13,37,197],"through":[14],"relational":[15,59,68],"reasoning":[16,60,69],"remain":[17],"unclear,":[18],"particularly":[19],"its":[20],"relationships":[21],"with":[22,45,61,163,198],"task":[23,63],"difficulty.":[24,200],"Therefore,":[25],"this":[26],"study":[27],"explores":[28],"underlying":[30],"dynamics":[32,188],"involved":[33],"tasks":[38,86,140,178],"at":[39],"various":[40],"difficulty":[41],"levels,":[42],"including":[43],"those":[44],"a":[46,51],"single":[47,52,56,66,81,84,138,176,180],"convex":[48,57,85,139,177],"lens":[49,58],"and":[50,75,93,101,105,114,170,189],"mirror.":[53],"Compared":[54],"to":[55,80],"high":[62],"difficulty,":[64],"mirror":[67,82,181],"exhibited":[70,87,160],"significantly":[71],"higher":[72],"response":[73],"accuracy":[74],"shorter":[76],"latency.":[77],"As":[78],"compared":[79],"tasks,":[83],"greater":[88,199],"frontal":[89,108,125,156],"midline":[90,109,126,157],"theta":[91,127,158],"augmentation":[92,106],"right":[94,111,164,167],"parietal":[95,145,165],"alpha":[96,117,146,172],"suppression":[97,118],"during":[98,119],"phase":[99,103,121,131,149],"I":[100,150],"earlier":[102],"II,":[104],"of":[107,136],"theta,":[110],"parietal-occipital":[112],"alpha,":[113,166,169],"left":[115],"mu":[116,171],"late":[120,130],"II.":[122],"Moreover,":[123],"power":[128,147,159,173],"II":[132],"predicts":[133],"likelihood":[135],"solving":[137,175],"best,":[142],"while":[143],"is":[151,191],"most":[152],"predictive.":[153],"In":[154,183],"addition,":[155],"stronger":[161,186],"synchronization":[162],"occipital":[168],"when":[174],"than":[179],"tasks.":[182],"summary,":[184],"having":[185],"coordination":[190],"vital":[192],"for":[193],"achieving":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}