{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313552496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065723500156","title":"Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence in the Clock Drawing Test to Reveal the Cognitive Impairment Pattern","display_name":"Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence in the Clock Drawing Test to Reveal the Cognitive Impairment Pattern","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313552496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065723500156","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36799660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065723500156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065723500156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/10481/85836/1/preprint.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054775009","display_name":"C. Jim\u00e9nez-Mesa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-2951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Jim\u00e9nez-Mesa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DASCI) Institute, Spain","Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18010, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DASCI) Institute, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18010, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091361127","display_name":"Juan E. Arco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-4975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan E. Arco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DASCI) Institute, Spain","Department of Communications Engineering, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain","Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18010, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DASCI) Institute, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18010, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082447764","display_name":"Meritxell Valent\u00ed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-868X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153858","display_name":"Fundacion Centro De Investigacion De Enfermedades Neurologicas","ror":"https://ror.org/053zwpg96","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153858"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meritxell Valent\u00ed-Soler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sof\u00eda Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sof\u00eda Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010115613","display_name":"Bel\u00e9n Frades\u2010Payo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8142-9989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153858","display_name":"Fundacion Centro De Investigacion De Enfermedades Neurologicas","ror":"https://ror.org/053zwpg96","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153858"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bel\u00e9n Frades-Payo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sof\u00eda Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sof\u00eda Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056145408","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Ascensi\u00f3n Zea\u2010Sevilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6775-5411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153858","display_name":"Fundacion Centro De Investigacion De Enfermedades Neurologicas","ror":"https://ror.org/053zwpg96","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153858"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda A. Zea-Sevilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sof\u00eda Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sof\u00eda Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076012204","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Ort\u00edz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2690-1926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9s Ortiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DASCI) Institute, Spain","Department of Communications Engineering, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DASCI) Institute, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005817500","display_name":"Marina \u00c1vila\u2010Villanueva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-2046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153858","display_name":"Fundacion Centro De Investigacion De Enfermedades Neurologicas","ror":"https://ror.org/053zwpg96","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153858"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina \u00c1vila-Villanueva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sof\u00eda Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sof\u00eda Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032750749","display_name":"Diego Castillo-Barn\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1635-5685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Castillo-Barnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DASCI) Institute, Spain","Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18010, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DASCI) Institute, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18010, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067023995","display_name":"Javier Ram\u0131\u0301rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-2921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Ram\u00edrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DASCI) Institute, Spain","Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18010, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DASCI) Institute, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18010, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023429528","display_name":"Teodoro del Ser-Quijano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153858","display_name":"Fundacion Centro De Investigacion De Enfermedades Neurologicas","ror":"https://ror.org/053zwpg96","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153858"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teodoro Del Ser-Quijano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sof\u00eda Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Queen Sof\u00eda Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037344642","display_name":"Crist\u00f3bal Carnero Pardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3415-6727"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Crist\u00f3bal Carnero-Pardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["FIDYAN Neurocenter, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FIDYAN Neurocenter, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011354002","display_name":"J. M. G\u00f3rriz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-1714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan M. G\u00f3rriz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DASCI) Institute, Spain","Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18010, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DASCI) Institute, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada 18010, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011354002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1592,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9752129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"04","first_page":"2350015","last_page":"2350015"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12608","display_name":"Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6680261492729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6066973805427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5364322066307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5122853517532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5018997192382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4836062490940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4671594202518463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.46057701110839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.45581573247909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4485189914703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4452100992202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.4151144027709961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.18283820152282715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6680261492729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6066973805427551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5364322066307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5122853517532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5018997192382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4836062490940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4671594202518463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46057701110839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.45581573247909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4485189914703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4452100992202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.4151144027709961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18283820152282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060825","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Dysfunction","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065723500156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065723500156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36799660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36799660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of neural systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/85836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10481/85836","pdf_url":"https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/10481/85836/1/preprint.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400567","display_name":"Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Granada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/28120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10630/28120","pdf_url":"https://riuma.uma.es/xmlui/bitstream/10630/28120/1/paper.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401385","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de M\u00e1laga (University of M\u00e1laga)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","host_organization_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/85836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10481/85836","pdf_url":"https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/10481/85836/1/preprint.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400567","display_name":"Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Granada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4045093968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6215736726","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FPU18/04902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F7296444849","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Universidades"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F7296444849","display_name":"Ministerio de Universidades","ror":"https://ror.org/03zcny908"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4313552496.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509356677","https://openalex.org/W1549082171","https://openalex.org/W1553544812","https://openalex.org/W1980276147","https://openalex.org/W1981238740","https://openalex.org/W1998255116","https://openalex.org/W2014598951","https://openalex.org/W2018924502","https://openalex.org/W2024836399","https://openalex.org/W2027829736","https://openalex.org/W2045745485","https://openalex.org/W2078885108","https://openalex.org/W2096337635","https://openalex.org/W2148027524","https://openalex.org/W2166446427","https://openalex.org/W2177693422","https://openalex.org/W2292795565","https://openalex.org/W2343698281","https://openalex.org/W2413582275","https://openalex.org/W2505399031","https://openalex.org/W2517085803","https://openalex.org/W2519490316","https://openalex.org/W2566079294","https://openalex.org/W2582524520","https://openalex.org/W2593468621","https://openalex.org/W2606296795","https://openalex.org/W2624165552","https://openalex.org/W2753612061","https://openalex.org/W2790139232","https://openalex.org/W2795259411","https://openalex.org/W2795691199","https://openalex.org/W2883558452","https://openalex.org/W2889685514","https://openalex.org/W2905568257","https://openalex.org/W2919192685","https://openalex.org/W2920462083","https://openalex.org/W2928936484","https://openalex.org/W2943806423","https://openalex.org/W2955994503","https://openalex.org/W2958089299","https://openalex.org/W3003600398","https://openalex.org/W3012670297","https://openalex.org/W3014686822","https://openalex.org/W3025713257","https://openalex.org/W3029745620","https://openalex.org/W3029787365","https://openalex.org/W3033835801","https://openalex.org/W3038155884","https://openalex.org/W3094272371","https://openalex.org/W3102851732","https://openalex.org/W3103552852","https://openalex.org/W3109437785","https://openalex.org/W3113483010","https://openalex.org/W3119278118","https://openalex.org/W3120774838","https://openalex.org/W3144619878","https://openalex.org/W3174994854","https://openalex.org/W3181068645","https://openalex.org/W3185286648","https://openalex.org/W3205109224","https://openalex.org/W3207475493","https://openalex.org/W3208327004","https://openalex.org/W3212684309","https://openalex.org/W4200478308","https://openalex.org/W4206238295","https://openalex.org/W4211036635","https://openalex.org/W4223988757","https://openalex.org/W4226082704","https://openalex.org/W4226194808","https://openalex.org/W4283362500","https://openalex.org/W4309474699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W3037187668","https://openalex.org/W2397288865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4234772502","https://openalex.org/W2368524271","https://openalex.org/W4247116873","https://openalex.org/W3202613528","https://openalex.org/W2524699983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31,188,226],"prevalence":[1],"of":[2,62,70,77,103,154,183,194,207,219,223,229,251],"dementia":[3],"is":[4,36,117,131,160,277,302],"currently":[5],"increasing":[6],"worldwide.":[7],"This":[8,80,107],"syndrome":[9],"produces":[10],"a":[11,37,53,56,60,83,110,134,163,179,238,298],"deterioration":[12],"in":[13,45,113,162,178,198,244,254,297],"cognitive":[14,43,104,157],"function":[15],"that":[16,148,233],"cannot":[17],"be":[18,25,242],"reverted.":[19],"However,":[20],"an":[21,47,100,192,205],"early":[22],"diagnosis":[23,85,102],"can":[24],"crucial":[26],"for":[27,42,65,151],"slowing":[28],"its":[29],"progress.":[30],"Clock":[32],"Drawing":[33],"Test":[34],"(CDT)":[35],"widely":[38],"used":[39,243],"paper-and-pencil":[40],"test":[41,67],"assessment":[44,76,153,257],"which":[46,114],"individual":[48],"has":[49,237],"to":[50,94,122,139,241,266,280],"manually":[51],"draw":[52],"clock":[54,116],"on":[55,73,89],"paper.":[57],"There":[58],"are":[59,149,213,264],"lot":[61],"scoring":[63],"systems":[64,253],"this":[66],"and":[68,98,120,170,247],"most":[69,269],"them":[71],"depend":[72],"the":[74,78,96,115,124,128,141,145,152,155,199,217,220,224,230,234,249,255,268,282],"subjective":[75],"expert.":[79],"study":[81],"proposes":[82],"computer-aided":[84],"(CAD)":[86],"system":[87,108],"based":[88],"artificial":[90,260],"intelligence":[91,261],"(AI)":[92],"methods":[93,263],"analyze":[95],"CDT":[97,146,256],"obtain":[99],"automatic":[101],"impairment":[105],"(CI).":[106],"employs":[109],"preprocessing":[111],"pipeline":[112],"detected,":[118],"centered":[119],"binarized":[121],"decrease":[123],"computational":[125],"burden.":[126],"Then,":[127],"resulting":[129],"image":[130],"fed":[132],"into":[133],"Convolutional":[135],"Neural":[136],"Network":[137],"(CNN)":[138],"identify":[140,267],"informative":[142],"patterns":[143,276],"within":[144],"drawings":[147],"relevant":[150,215,270],"patient's":[156],"status.":[158],"Performance":[159],"evaluated":[161],"real":[164],"context":[165],"where":[166],"patients":[167],"with":[168,204,293],"CI":[169],"controls":[171],"have":[172],"been":[173],"classified":[174],"by":[175,286],"clinical":[176,245],"experts":[177],"balanced":[180],"sample":[181,231],"size":[182,228],"[Formula:":[184,195,208],"see":[185,196,209],"text]":[186,197],"drawings.":[187],"proposed":[189,236],"method":[190,235,290],"provides":[191],"accuracy":[193],"binary":[200],"case-control":[201],"classification":[202],"task,":[203],"AUC":[206],"text].":[210],"These":[211],"results":[212],"indeed":[214],"considering":[216],"use":[218],"classic":[221],"version":[222],"CDT.":[225],"large":[227],"suggests":[232],"high":[239],"reliability":[240],"contexts":[246],"demonstrates":[248],"suitability":[250],"CAD":[252],"process.":[258],"Explainable":[259],"(XAI)":[262],"applied":[265],"regions":[271],"during":[272],"classification.":[273],"Finding":[274],"these":[275],"extremely":[278],"helpful":[279],"understand":[281],"brain":[283],"damage":[284],"caused":[285],"CI.":[287],"A":[288],"validation":[289],"using":[291],"resubstitution":[292],"upper":[294],"bound":[295],"correction":[296],"machine":[299],"learning":[300],"approach":[301],"also":[303],"discussed.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
