{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178204380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065721500362","title":"A Comparison of Conventional and Tri-Polar EEG Electrodes for Decoding Real and Imaginary Finger Movements from One Hand","display_name":"A Comparison of Conventional and Tri-Polar EEG Electrodes for Decoding Real and Imaginary Finger Movements from One Hand","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178204380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065721500362","mag":"3178204380","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34247553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065721500362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065721500362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014743211","display_name":"Saleh I. Alzahrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8911-2161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saleh I. Alzahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036335957","display_name":"Charles W. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-3840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles W. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014743211"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8157,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68767049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"09","first_page":"2150036","last_page":"2150036"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7379568815231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5107827186584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44619518518447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.4242752492427826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement","display_name":"Movement (music)","score":0.42096662521362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39992883801460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3785012662410736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3224586844444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.29934659600257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.20415076613426208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1713104248046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.13129660487174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08500778675079346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7379568815231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5107827186584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44619518518447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4242752492427826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.42096662521362305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39992883801460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3785012662410736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3224586844444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.29934659600257874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20415076613426208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1713104248046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.13129660487174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08500778675079346}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065721500362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065721500362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34247553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34247553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of neural systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W304793181","https://openalex.org/W1580028799","https://openalex.org/W1964593594","https://openalex.org/W1967288502","https://openalex.org/W1977515982","https://openalex.org/W1986445364","https://openalex.org/W1988988635","https://openalex.org/W1995255811","https://openalex.org/W1999389071","https://openalex.org/W2004618880","https://openalex.org/W2011234620","https://openalex.org/W2016148716","https://openalex.org/W2022415333","https://openalex.org/W2051812123","https://openalex.org/W2055517429","https://openalex.org/W2058272000","https://openalex.org/W2072253381","https://openalex.org/W2089598398","https://openalex.org/W2092939357","https://openalex.org/W2096880965","https://openalex.org/W2097744687","https://openalex.org/W2098951185","https://openalex.org/W2106006415","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2128909182","https://openalex.org/W2129890330","https://openalex.org/W2148701578","https://openalex.org/W2164497299","https://openalex.org/W2172239315","https://openalex.org/W2537719862","https://openalex.org/W4206246468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W4312960290","https://openalex.org/W2057366091","https://openalex.org/W2049513647","https://openalex.org/W2988848585","https://openalex.org/W4233722919","https://openalex.org/W4323929055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,44,107,128],"representations":[1],"of":[2,59,158,203],"different":[3],"fingers":[4],"in":[5,183],"the":[6,54,60,74,112,196],"sensorimotor":[7],"cortex":[8],"are":[9],"largely":[10],"overlapped,":[11],"which":[12,173],"necessitate":[13],"a":[14],"good":[15],"signal-to-noise":[16],"ratio":[17],"(SNR)":[18],"and":[19,40,57,95,103,119,162,168,187,207,213],"high":[20],"spatial":[21,42,55,79],"resolution":[22,56,80],"to":[23,50,52,72,125,140],"classify":[24],"individual":[25],"finger":[26,105,170,215],"movements":[27],"from":[28,92,134],"one":[29],"hand.":[30],"Electroencephalography":[31],"(EEG)":[32],"recorded":[33,91,110],"with":[34,77,111,195,218],"disc":[35,82,96,126,141,197],"electrodes":[36,68,97],"has":[37,47],"low":[38],"SNR":[39],"poor":[41],"resolution.":[43],"surface":[45,61],"Laplacian":[46,75],"been":[48],"applied":[49],"EEG":[51,150,179,220],"improve":[53],"selectivity":[58],"electrical":[62],"activity":[63],"recording.":[64],"Tri-polar":[65],"concentric":[66],"ring":[67],"(TCREs)":[69],"were":[70,90],"shown":[71],"estimate":[73],"automatically":[76],"better":[78],"than":[81,177],"electrodes.":[83,127,142],"For":[84],"this":[85],"work,":[86],"movement-related":[87],"potentials":[88],"(MRPs)":[89],"four":[93],"TCREs":[94,113,135,147],"while":[98],"13":[99],"subjects":[100],"performed":[101],"real":[102,167,212],"imaginary":[104,169,214],"movements.":[106],"MRP":[108],"signals":[109,133],"have":[114],"significantly":[115,175],"less":[116],"mutual":[117],"information":[118],"coherence":[120],"between":[121],"neighboring":[122],"locations":[123],"compared":[124,139],"results":[129],"also":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132,146],"generated":[136],"higher":[137,176],"accuracy":[138,157,202],"It":[143],"further":[144],"shows":[145],"using":[148],"temporal":[149,219],"data":[151,221],"as":[152,192],"features":[153],"yield":[154],"an":[155],"average":[156],"[Formula:":[159,163,184,188,204,208],"see":[160,164,185,189,205,209],"text]%":[161,165,206,210],"for":[166,211],"movements,":[171,216],"respectively,":[172,217],"is":[174],"utilizing":[178],"spectral":[180],"power":[181],"changes":[182],"text]":[186,190],"bands":[191],"features.":[193],"Similarly,":[194],"electrodes,":[198],"it":[199],"achieved":[200],"highest":[201],"feature.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
