{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794347674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065718500077","title":"Efficient Embedded Decoding of Neural Network Language Models in a Machine Translation System","display_name":"Efficient Embedded Decoding of Neural Network Language Models in a Machine Translation System","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794347674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065718500077","mag":"2794347674","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29631501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065718500077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065718500077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/123535","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003560190","display_name":"Francisco Zamora-Mart\u00ednez","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Zamora-Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["R&amp;D Department, das-Nano S. L., Pol\u00edgono Industrial Talluntxe II, Tajonar 31192, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"R&amp;D Department, das-Nano S. L., Pol\u00edgono Industrial Talluntxe II, Tajonar 31192, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072910190","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Castro-Bleda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Jose Castro-Bleda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos y Computaci\u00f3n, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos y Computaci\u00f3n, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78903779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"09","first_page":"1850007","last_page":"1850007"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.9069620370864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.872961163520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.7874487638473511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.7252038717269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","score":0.6420047283172607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.6095695495605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.6020108461380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5878183245658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5273498296737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.5238485336303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48184120655059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.47670572996139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47053632140159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-gram","display_name":"n-gram","score":0.43494102358818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40311771631240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2622426748275757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.9069620370864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.872961163520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.7874487638473511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.7252038717269897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130597682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6961922","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","level":4,"score":0.6420047283172607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.6095695495605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6020108461380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5878183245658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5273498296737671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.5238485336303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48184120655059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.47670572996139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47053632140159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117884012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94489","display_name":"n-gram","level":3,"score":0.43494102358818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40311771631240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2622426748275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014175","descriptor_name":"Translating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014175","descriptor_name":"Translating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014175","descriptor_name":"Translating","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014825","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065718500077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065718500077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29631501","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29631501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of neural systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/123535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/123535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400639","display_name":"RiuNet (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/123535","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/123535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400639","display_name":"RiuNet (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491188325","https://openalex.org/W1607814353","https://openalex.org/W1970689298","https://openalex.org/W1979185006","https://openalex.org/W1994536225","https://openalex.org/W2006969979","https://openalex.org/W2036830042","https://openalex.org/W2132109814","https://openalex.org/W2144879357","https://openalex.org/W2156985047","https://openalex.org/W2413582275","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W49707343","https://openalex.org/W1674885750","https://openalex.org/W626175318","https://openalex.org/W2007433094","https://openalex.org/W2794347674","https://openalex.org/W2294868251","https://openalex.org/W4254664587","https://openalex.org/W2084301656","https://openalex.org/W1964279429","https://openalex.org/W1983624678"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"Network":[1],"Language":[2,11],"Models":[3],"(NNLMs)":[4],"are":[5,59],"a":[6,23,80,98,111],"successful":[7],"approach":[8,40,141],"to":[9,67,92],"Natural":[10],"Processing":[12],"tasks,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15,123,127],"Machine":[16,25],"Translation.":[17],"We":[18],"introduce":[19],"in":[20,33,62,110],"this":[21],"work":[22],"Statistical":[24],"Translation":[26],"(SMT)":[27],"system":[28],"which":[29,96],"fully":[30,60],"integrates":[31],"NNLMs":[32],"the":[34,38,63,71,89,139],"decoding":[35,64],"stage,":[36,65],"breaking":[37],"traditional":[39],"based":[41,83],"on":[42,84],"[Formula:":[43,133,146],"see":[44,134,147],"text]-best":[45],"list":[46],"rescoring.":[47],"The":[48],"neural":[49,119],"net":[50],"models":[51,54,125],"(both":[52],"language":[53],"(LMs)":[55],"and":[56,86,103,126,132],"translation":[57,72,113,124],"models)":[58],"coupled":[61],"allowing":[66],"more":[68,143],"strongly":[69],"influence":[70],"quality.":[73],"Computational":[74],"issues":[75],"were":[76,108],"solved":[77],"by":[78],"using":[79],"novel":[81],"idea":[82],"memorization":[85],"smoothing":[87],"of":[88,118],"softmax":[90],"constants":[91],"avoid":[93],"their":[94],"computation,":[95],"introduces":[97],"trade-off":[99],"between":[100],"LM":[101],"quality":[102],"computational":[104],"cost.":[105],"These":[106],"ideas":[107],"studied":[109],"machine":[112],"task":[114],"with":[115,151],"different":[116],"combinations":[117],"networks":[120],"used":[121],"both":[122],"target":[128],"LMs,":[129],"comparing":[130],"phrase-based":[131],"text]-gram-based":[135,148],"systems,":[136,149],"showing":[137],"that":[138],"integrated":[140],"seems":[142],"promising":[144],"for":[145],"even":[150],"nonfull-quality":[152],"NNLMs.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
