{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066193666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065715500069","title":"Direct Causal Networks for the Study of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effects on Focal Epileptiform Discharges","display_name":"Direct Causal Networks for the Study of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effects on Focal Epileptiform Discharges","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066193666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065715500069","mag":"2066193666","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25761527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065715500069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065715500069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043840277","display_name":"Dimitris Kugiumtzis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5337-5688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Kugiumtzis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 54124 , Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 54124 , Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083019131","display_name":"Vasilios \u039a. Kimiskidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3335-3019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasilios K. Kimiskidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043840277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3413,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91752712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"05","first_page":"1550006","last_page":"1550006"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.8585000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.8585000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.09210000187158585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.8413413763046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.6106364727020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epilepsy","display_name":"Epilepsy","score":0.555760383605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5507805347442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.5163322687149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5140618085861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.44669318199157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhibitory-postsynaptic-potential","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","score":0.42940229177474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.37389659881591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1652347445487976}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.8413413763046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6106364727020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.555760383605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5507805347442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5163322687149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5140618085861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44669318199157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.42940229177474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37389659881591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1652347445487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004828","descriptor_name":"Epilepsies, Partial","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004828","descriptor_name":"Epilepsies, Partial","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004828","descriptor_name":"Epilepsies, Partial","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007257","descriptor_name":"Information Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007257","descriptor_name":"Information Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007257","descriptor_name":"Information Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009434","descriptor_name":"Neural Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009434","descriptor_name":"Neural Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009434","descriptor_name":"Neural Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012640","descriptor_name":"Seizures","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012640","descriptor_name":"Seizures","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012640","descriptor_name":"Seizures","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065715500069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065715500069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25761527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25761527","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of neural systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527468221","https://openalex.org/W1753888473","https://openalex.org/W1809188141","https://openalex.org/W1968032517","https://openalex.org/W1971304951","https://openalex.org/W1972751079","https://openalex.org/W1976357731","https://openalex.org/W1994060005","https://openalex.org/W2000467456","https://openalex.org/W2002429132","https://openalex.org/W2004274357","https://openalex.org/W2004816127","https://openalex.org/W2007503766","https://openalex.org/W2011961540","https://openalex.org/W2012788383","https://openalex.org/W2018305040","https://openalex.org/W2022896379","https://openalex.org/W2032425597","https://openalex.org/W2036404965","https://openalex.org/W2036587077","https://openalex.org/W2038716529","https://openalex.org/W2040043309","https://openalex.org/W2045403039","https://openalex.org/W2045747994","https://openalex.org/W2048326728","https://openalex.org/W2051819825","https://openalex.org/W2052066602","https://openalex.org/W2054899141","https://openalex.org/W2056555744","https://openalex.org/W2065156644","https://openalex.org/W2068097221","https://openalex.org/W2078574541","https://openalex.org/W2079207152","https://openalex.org/W2084834475","https://openalex.org/W2088757139","https://openalex.org/W2092939357","https://openalex.org/W2102264602","https://openalex.org/W2105766222","https://openalex.org/W2107512013","https://openalex.org/W2109389996","https://openalex.org/W2121680855","https://openalex.org/W2128674243","https://openalex.org/W2133421348","https://openalex.org/W2135177809","https://openalex.org/W2146406922","https://openalex.org/W2148537751","https://openalex.org/W2152112426","https://openalex.org/W2158787087","https://openalex.org/W2167822639","https://openalex.org/W2168626784","https://openalex.org/W2482198018","https://openalex.org/W3101731150","https://openalex.org/W3102334527","https://openalex.org/W4238051305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127457454","https://openalex.org/W2755960881","https://openalex.org/W2072079890","https://openalex.org/W1467997810","https://openalex.org/W2588385582","https://openalex.org/W2467087724","https://openalex.org/W2166562931","https://openalex.org/W3093197204","https://openalex.org/W3081418697","https://openalex.org/W2047259186"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Transcranial":[1],"magnetic":[2],"stimulation":[3,113],"(TMS)":[4],"can":[5],"have":[6,195],"inhibitory":[7],"effects":[8],"on":[9],"epileptiform":[10],"discharges":[11],"(EDs)":[12],"of":[13,32,45,94,99,166],"patients":[14,55,82],"with":[15,27,50,56,83],"focal":[16,57,84],"seizures.":[17,58],"However,":[18],"the":[19,30,42,61,97,105,115,125,140,156,170,179,188],"brain":[20,43,134],"connectivity":[21,47,63,135],"before,":[22,159],"during":[23,48],"and":[24,51,161,186],"after":[25,162],"EDs,":[26],"or":[28,118],"without":[29,52],"administration":[31,165],"TMS,":[33],"has":[34],"not":[35],"been":[36],"extensively":[37],"explored.":[38],"OBJECTIVE:":[39],"To":[40],"investigate":[41],"network":[44,157,189],"effective":[46,62],"ED":[49,180],"TMS":[53,101,120,168],"in":[54,96,133,155,173,182],"METHODS:":[59],"For":[60],"a":[64,92,109,122,183],"direct":[65],"causality":[66],"measure":[67],"is":[68],"applied":[69],"termed":[70],"partial":[71],"mutual":[72],"information":[73],"from":[74,80,124,139],"mixed":[75],"embedding":[76],"(PMIME).":[77],"TMS-EEG":[78],"data":[79],"two":[81],"seizures":[85],"were":[86],"analyzed.":[87],"Each":[88],"EEG":[89],"record":[90],"contained":[91],"number":[93],"EDs":[95],"majority":[98],"which":[100],"was":[102,128,137],"administered":[103],"over":[104,114,169],"epileptic":[106,126,171],"focus.":[107],"As":[108],"control":[110],"condition,":[111],"sham":[112,176],"epileptogenic":[116],"zone":[117],"real":[119,167],"at":[121,144],"distance":[123],"focus":[127],"also":[129],"performed.":[130],"The":[131,149,164],"change":[132],"structure":[136,158,190],"investigated":[138],"causal":[141],"networks":[142],"formed":[143],"each":[145],"sliding":[146],"window.":[147],"CONCLUSION:":[148],"PMIME":[150],"could":[151],"detect":[152],"distinct":[153],"changes":[154],"within,":[160],"ED.":[163],"focus,":[172],"contrast":[174],"to":[175],"stimulation,":[177],"terminated":[178,196],"prematurely":[181],"node-specific":[184],"manner":[185],"regained":[187],"as":[191],"if":[192],"it":[193],"would":[194],"spontaneously.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
