{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993565090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065714400012","title":"OPTIMAL SPARSE APPROXIMATION WITH INTEGRATE AND FIRE NEURONS","display_name":"OPTIMAL SPARSE APPROXIMATION WITH INTEGRATE AND FIRE NEURONS","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993565090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065714400012","mag":"1993565090","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24875786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065714400012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065714400012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085487382","display_name":"Samuel Shapero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-0183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482740","display_name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfrh333","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I4388482740"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SAMUEL SHAPERO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Systems Laboratory, Georgia Tech Research Institute, 400 10th St NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Systems Laboratory, Georgia Tech Research Institute, 400 10th St NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I4388482740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046528178","display_name":"Mengchen Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7440-3026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MENGCHEN ZHU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073433071","display_name":"Jennifer Hasler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-3156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JENNIFER HASLER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011481913","display_name":"Christopher J. Rozell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5173-1661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CHRISTOPHER ROZELL","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8324,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93787027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"05","first_page":"1440001","last_page":"1440001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-coding","display_name":"Neural coding","score":0.7636746764183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6557811498641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.6504403352737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-growth","display_name":"Exponential growth","score":0.5308448076248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-neuron-model","display_name":"Biological neuron model","score":0.4810936152935028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4442904591560364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4442348778247833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4352879524230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.42242273688316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.40224695205688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29186075925827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2712896168231964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11176425218582153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.7636746764183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6557811498641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.6504403352737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75235859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582659","display_name":"Exponential growth","level":2,"score":0.5308448076248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186565885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651163","display_name":"Biological neuron model","level":3,"score":0.4810936152935028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4442904591560364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4442348778247833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4352879524230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.42242273688316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.40224695205688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29186075925827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2712896168231964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11176425218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065714400012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065714400012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24875786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24875786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of neural systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G68638453","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-EY019965","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320881","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66442755","https://openalex.org/W81409850","https://openalex.org/W602834913","https://openalex.org/W1536929369","https://openalex.org/W1542782021","https://openalex.org/W1978477191","https://openalex.org/W1980824976","https://openalex.org/W1991693778","https://openalex.org/W1994697081","https://openalex.org/W1997585233","https://openalex.org/W1999174140","https://openalex.org/W2005918037","https://openalex.org/W2028784016","https://openalex.org/W2029972263","https://openalex.org/W2030163920","https://openalex.org/W2040549255","https://openalex.org/W2050745689","https://openalex.org/W2057897219","https://openalex.org/W2069552454","https://openalex.org/W2069959554","https://openalex.org/W2074376560","https://openalex.org/W2076184423","https://openalex.org/W2078204800","https://openalex.org/W2091703501","https://openalex.org/W2100543212","https://openalex.org/W2101675075","https://openalex.org/W2105464873","https://openalex.org/W2107306109","https://openalex.org/W2107861471","https://openalex.org/W2109668884","https://openalex.org/W2112246162","https://openalex.org/W2114219449","https://openalex.org/W2115205382","https://openalex.org/W2119005010","https://openalex.org/W2119899403","https://openalex.org/W2124777856","https://openalex.org/W2125010820","https://openalex.org/W2126375903","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2130459697","https://openalex.org/W2133128597","https://openalex.org/W2138853734","https://openalex.org/W2142351054","https://openalex.org/W2145889472","https://openalex.org/W2150197681","https://openalex.org/W2162427980","https://openalex.org/W2165199435","https://openalex.org/W2165614718","https://openalex.org/W2596613814","https://openalex.org/W3022380717","https://openalex.org/W4214775604","https://openalex.org/W4238614602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2296641791","https://openalex.org/W2952737898","https://openalex.org/W2905793047","https://openalex.org/W2148488851","https://openalex.org/W2146205803","https://openalex.org/W2964239451","https://openalex.org/W2102371677","https://openalex.org/W3024338890","https://openalex.org/W1993565090","https://openalex.org/W2328317224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sparse":[0],"approximation":[1],"is":[2,52],"a":[3,8,16,33,68,105],"hypothesized":[4],"coding":[5],"strategy":[6],"where":[7],"population":[9],"of":[10,40,79,107,131],"sensory":[11],"neurons":[12,22,44,161],"(e.g.":[13],"V1)":[14],"encodes":[15],"stimulus":[17],"using":[18,139],"as":[19,23,88],"few":[20],"active":[21],"possible.":[24],"We":[25,73,101,134],"present":[26],"the":[27,58,76,80,85,89,98,121,145,147,155],"Spiking":[28,36,50,81],"LCA":[29,51,82],"(locally":[30],"competitive":[31],"algorithm),":[32],"rate":[34,78],"encoded":[35],"Neural":[37],"Network":[38],"(SNN)":[39],"integrate":[41],"and":[42,162],"fire":[43],"that":[45,65,75,111,120,137],"calculate":[46],"sparse":[47,70],"approximations.":[48],"The":[49],"designed":[53],"to":[54,57,97,124,159],"be":[55],"equivalent":[56],"nonspiking":[59],"LCA,":[60,91],"an":[61,93],"analog":[62,90],"dynamical":[63],"system":[64],"converges":[66,83,123],"on":[67,84],"\u2113(1)-norm":[69],"approximations":[71],"exponentially.":[72],"show":[74,136],"firing":[77],"same":[86],"solution":[87],"with":[92],"error":[94],"inversely":[95],"proportional":[96],"sampling":[99],"time.":[100,133],"simulate":[102],"in":[103,144,154],"NEURON":[104],"network":[106,122],"128":[108],"neuron":[109],"pairs":[110],"encode":[112],"8":[113,115],"\u00d7":[114],"pixel":[116],"image":[117],"patches,":[118],"demonstrating":[119],"nearly":[125],"optimal":[126],"encodings":[127],"within":[128],"20":[129],"ms":[130],"biological":[132],"also":[135],"when":[138],"more":[140],"biophysically":[141],"realistic":[142],"parameters":[143],"neurons,":[146],"gain":[148],"function":[149],"encourages":[150],"additional":[151],"\u2113(0)-norm":[152],"sparsity":[153],"encoding,":[156],"relative":[157],"both":[158],"ideal":[160],"digital":[163],"solvers.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
