{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2130459697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065709002002","title":"SPIKING NEURAL NETWORKS","display_name":"SPIKING NEURAL NETWORKS","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2130459697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065709002002","mag":"2130459697","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19731402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065709002002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065709002002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077126197","display_name":"Samanwoy Ghosh\u2010Dastidar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SAMANWOY GHOSH-DASTIDAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060859546","display_name":"Hojjat Adeli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5718-1453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157890","display_name":"Neurological Surgery","ror":"https://ror.org/04r0gp612","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157890"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HOJJAT ADELI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Informatics, Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neurological Surgery and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Informatics, Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neurological Surgery and Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157890","https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.5035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1042,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99520137,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"04","first_page":"295","last_page":"308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.8888819217681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7929202318191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6596940159797668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6534644961357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5695381760597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47272294759750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4350980520248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4201996922492981}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.8888819217681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7929202318191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6596940159797668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6534644961357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5695381760597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47272294759750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4350980520248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4201996922492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065709002002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065709002002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19731402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19731402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of neural systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":133,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10284730","https://openalex.org/W28100897","https://openalex.org/W93227211","https://openalex.org/W94369806","https://openalex.org/W101771737","https://openalex.org/W316829799","https://openalex.org/W1416388741","https://openalex.org/W1476286403","https://openalex.org/W1485099091","https://openalex.org/W1498954346","https://openalex.org/W1505806233","https://openalex.org/W1631491921","https://openalex.org/W1636374184","https://openalex.org/W1794523124","https://openalex.org/W1928092773","https://openalex.org/W1965945357","https://openalex.org/W1967983190","https://openalex.org/W1968717940","https://openalex.org/W1970109917","https://openalex.org/W1971418692","https://openalex.org/W1972678754","https://openalex.org/W1973690452","https://openalex.org/W1974951309","https://openalex.org/W1975877936","https://openalex.org/W1977248767","https://openalex.org/W1977553889","https://openalex.org/W1981632858","https://openalex.org/W1982421280","https://openalex.org/W1982580897","https://openalex.org/W1985940938","https://openalex.org/W1986793086","https://openalex.org/W1987994242","https://openalex.org/W1988878611","https://openalex.org/W1990940610","https://openalex.org/W1993433133","https://openalex.org/W1994984174","https://openalex.org/W1995956937","https://openalex.org/W1998756864","https://openalex.org/W2000386272","https://openalex.org/W2001263627","https://openalex.org/W2003812729","https://openalex.org/W2004260750","https://openalex.org/W2006370340","https://openalex.org/W2006560811","https://openalex.org/W2006581331","https://openalex.org/W2006674314","https://openalex.org/W2007944162","https://openalex.org/W2012160340","https://openalex.org/W2013050169","https://openalex.org/W2019293132","https://openalex.org/W2021027816","https://openalex.org/W2021914902","https://openalex.org/W2024450772","https://openalex.org/W2025760658","https://openalex.org/W2026869578","https://openalex.org/W2029972263","https://openalex.org/W2031603416","https://openalex.org/W2031895952","https://openalex.org/W2033553753","https://openalex.org/W2036962269","https://openalex.org/W2037272884","https://openalex.org/W2037899897","https://openalex.org/W2039459760","https://openalex.org/W2040615811","https://openalex.org/W2042396118","https://openalex.org/W2042859557","https://openalex.org/W2046060847","https://openalex.org/W2050127080","https://openalex.org/W2054158648","https://openalex.org/W2056747545","https://openalex.org/W2059393070","https://openalex.org/W2061062671","https://openalex.org/W2061358509","https://openalex.org/W2062434559","https://openalex.org/W2063311258","https://openalex.org/W2063576299","https://openalex.org/W2067755824","https://openalex.org/W2068837659","https://openalex.org/W2069084942","https://openalex.org/W2069764737","https://openalex.org/W2071147887","https://openalex.org/W2072413244","https://openalex.org/W2078161768","https://openalex.org/W2081411433","https://openalex.org/W2082524657","https://openalex.org/W2082853231","https://openalex.org/W2083838474","https://openalex.org/W2084856539","https://openalex.org/W2088037398","https://openalex.org/W2089316513","https://openalex.org/W2089620376","https://openalex.org/W2089886618","https://openalex.org/W2090070868","https://openalex.org/W2092178231","https://openalex.org/W2093460543","https://openalex.org/W2099788790","https://openalex.org/W2101227080","https://openalex.org/W2102412154","https://openalex.org/W2103179919","https://openalex.org/W2105183740","https://openalex.org/W2106427050","https://openalex.org/W2107837291","https://openalex.org/W2109563136","https://openalex.org/W2111449747","https://openalex.org/W2113894235","https://openalex.org/W2114475956","https://openalex.org/W2115937354","https://openalex.org/W2122923860","https://openalex.org/W2129335041","https://openalex.org/W2131392155","https://openalex.org/W2133411430","https://openalex.org/W2140957936","https://openalex.org/W2147001828","https://openalex.org/W2147350962","https://openalex.org/W2149525340","https://openalex.org/W2153564253","https://openalex.org/W2155164840","https://openalex.org/W2158468574","https://openalex.org/W2160645575","https://openalex.org/W2160918136","https://openalex.org/W2164653071","https://openalex.org/W2169363443","https://openalex.org/W2269029369","https://openalex.org/W2282055800","https://openalex.org/W2483920555","https://openalex.org/W2569813014","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4232275715","https://openalex.org/W4238614602","https://openalex.org/W4242770316","https://openalex.org/W4245508239","https://openalex.org/W4300402905","https://openalex.org/W4323913440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2542565870","https://openalex.org/W3111828357","https://openalex.org/W3018398156","https://openalex.org/W3104333581","https://openalex.org/W2920832517","https://openalex.org/W4386536395","https://openalex.org/W4387877594","https://openalex.org/W3035644810","https://openalex.org/W2990011594","https://openalex.org/W2977464668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"current":[1],"Artificial":[2],"Neural":[3,49],"Network":[4],"(ANN)":[5],"models":[6],"are":[7],"based":[8,93],"on":[9,94],"highly":[10],"simplified":[11],"brain":[12,124],"dynamics.":[13],"They":[14],"have":[15,33,52,100,138],"been":[16,34,53,102],"used":[17],"as":[18,174],"powerful":[19,38],"computational":[20],"tools":[21],"to":[22],"solve":[23],"complex":[24],"pattern":[25,145],"recognition,":[26],"function":[27],"estimation,":[28],"and":[29,39,125,166,168],"classification":[30],"problems.":[31],"ANNs":[32],"evolving":[35],"towards":[36],"more":[37,40],"biologically":[41],"realistic":[42],"models.":[43],"In":[44],"the":[45,66,74,107,119,122,161,175],"past":[46],"decade,":[47],"Spiking":[48],"Networks":[50],"(SNNs)":[51],"developed":[54,103],"which":[55],"comprise":[56],"of":[57,77,82,97,106,121,131,149,160,163],"spiking":[58,164],"neurons.":[59],"Information":[60],"transfer":[61,68],"in":[62,69,87,113,128],"these":[63],"neurons":[64,165],"mimics":[65],"information":[67,111],"biological":[70,98],"neurons,":[71],"i.e.,":[72],"via":[73],"precise":[75],"timing":[76],"spikes":[78],"or":[79],"a":[80,157],"sequence":[81],"spikes.":[83],"To":[84],"facilitate":[85],"learning":[86,91],"such":[88],"networks,":[89],"new":[90,116],"algorithms":[92],"varying":[95],"degrees":[96],"plausibility":[99],"also":[101],"recently.":[104],"Addition":[105],"temporal":[108],"dimension":[109],"for":[110,141],"encoding":[112],"SNNs":[114,137],"yields":[115],"insight":[117,170],"into":[118,171],"dynamics":[120],"human":[123],"could":[126],"result":[127],"compact":[129],"representations":[130],"large":[132],"neural":[133,178],"networks.":[134,179],"As":[135],"such,":[136],"great":[139],"potential":[140],"solving":[142],"complicated":[143],"time-dependent":[144],"recognition":[146],"problems":[147],"because":[148],"their":[150,172],"inherent":[151],"dynamic":[152],"representation.":[153],"This":[154],"article":[155],"presents":[156],"state-of-the-art":[158],"review":[159],"development":[162],"SNNs,":[167],"provides":[169],"evolution":[173],"third":[176],"generation":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":161},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":148},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":84},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-08-02T14:50:37.381335","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
