{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1980173426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065705000153","title":"LEARNING TO COOPERATE IN SOLVING THE TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM","display_name":"LEARNING TO COOPERATE IN SOLVING THE TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1980173426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065705000153","mag":"1980173426","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15912592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065705000153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065705000153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108597385","display_name":"Dehu Qi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177898655","display_name":"Lamar University","ror":"https://ror.org/008ms5s18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177898655"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"DEHU QI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lamar University, Computer Science Department, PO Box 10056, Beaumont, Texas 77706, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lamar University, Computer Science Department, PO Box 10056, Beaumont, Texas 77706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177898655"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102061872","display_name":"Ron Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9006-9746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RON SUN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Cognitive Science Department, 110 Eighth Street, Carnegie 302A, Troy, New York 12180, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Cognitive Science Department, 110 Eighth Street, Carnegie 302A, Troy, New York 12180, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108597385"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177898655"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8531186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"01n02","first_page":"151","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.8700535297393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidding","display_name":"Bidding","score":0.7941505908966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.785340428352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6964238882064819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6791342496871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.4905768930912018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.46824610233306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travelling-salesman-problem","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","score":0.446371465921402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39867323637008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.36606794595718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.1809571385383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1132458746433258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.0801621675491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.06763842701911926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.8700535297393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9233905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276328","display_name":"Bidding","level":2,"score":0.7941505908966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.785340428352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6964238882064819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6791342496871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.4905768930912018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.46824610233306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.446371465921402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39867323637008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.36606794595718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1809571385383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1132458746433258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0801621675491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.06763842701911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001519","descriptor_name":"Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065705000153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065705000153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15912592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15912592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of neural systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1513468570","https://openalex.org/W1521817025","https://openalex.org/W1528149415","https://openalex.org/W1571787852","https://openalex.org/W1659842140","https://openalex.org/W1717440967","https://openalex.org/W2009628638","https://openalex.org/W2024000119","https://openalex.org/W2044676734","https://openalex.org/W2086717587","https://openalex.org/W2096154177","https://openalex.org/W2097916157","https://openalex.org/W2104602264","https://openalex.org/W2118051273","https://openalex.org/W2142246791","https://openalex.org/W2142883395","https://openalex.org/W2154929945","https://openalex.org/W2170788637","https://openalex.org/W2182044576","https://openalex.org/W2546966825","https://openalex.org/W4233382672","https://openalex.org/W4285049686","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045049461","https://openalex.org/W4381094582","https://openalex.org/W1978893398","https://openalex.org/W1977906818","https://openalex.org/W2369625323","https://openalex.org/W2364579609","https://openalex.org/W1522139108","https://openalex.org/W2353528968","https://openalex.org/W2032776242","https://openalex.org/W1481694090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"cooperative":[1],"team":[2,79],"of":[3,40,93],"agents":[4,20,33,42],"may":[5],"perform":[6],"many":[7],"tasks":[8],"better":[9,82],"than":[10,83],"single":[11,86,94],"agents.":[12,95],"The":[13],"question":[14],"is":[15,25],"how":[16],"cooperation":[17,31],"among":[18,32],"self-interested":[19],"should":[21],"be":[22],"achieved.":[23],"It":[24],"important":[26],"that,":[27],"while":[28],"we":[29,37],"encourage":[30],"in":[34],"a":[35,78],"team,":[36],"maintain":[38,50],"autonomy":[39],"individual":[41],"as":[43,45,48,88,90],"much":[44],"possible,":[46],"so":[47],"to":[49],"flexibility":[51],"and":[52,71,75],"generality.":[53],"This":[54],"paper":[55],"presents":[56],"an":[57],"approach":[58,74],"based":[59],"on":[60],"bidding":[61],"utilizing":[62],"reinforcement":[63,67],"values":[64],"acquired":[65],"through":[66],"learning.":[68],"We":[69],"tested":[70],"analyzed":[72],"this":[73],"demonstrated":[76],"that":[77],"indeed":[80],"performed":[81],"the":[84,91],"best":[85],"agent":[87],"well":[89],"average":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
