{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094726319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065703001716","title":"CMOS REALIZATION OF A 2-LAYER CNN UNIVERSAL MACHINE CHIP","display_name":"CMOS REALIZATION OF A 2-LAYER CNN UNIVERSAL MACHINE CHIP","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094726319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065703001716","mag":"2094726319","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15031851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065703001716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065703001716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067253647","display_name":"Ricardo Carmona\u2010Gal\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4230-3988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104545","display_name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/01mqtzm43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210104545","https://openalex.org/I4210147934","https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. CARMONA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla\u2013CNM\u2013CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla\u2013CNM\u2013CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084429774","display_name":"F. Jim\u00e9nez-Garrido","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104545","display_name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/01mqtzm43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210104545","https://openalex.org/I4210147934","https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. JIM\u00c9NEZ-GARRIDO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla\u2013CNM\u2013CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla\u2013CNM\u2013CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004478970","display_name":"R. Dom\u00ednguez\u2010Castro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-3410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104545","display_name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/01mqtzm43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210104545","https://openalex.org/I4210147934","https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. DOM\u00cdNGUEZ-CASTRO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla\u2013CNM\u2013CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla\u2013CNM\u2013CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006782053","display_name":"S. Espejo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-2663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104545","display_name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/01mqtzm43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210104545","https://openalex.org/I4210147934","https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. ESPEJO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla\u2013CNM\u2013CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla\u2013CNM\u2013CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104545"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029359976","display_name":"\u00c1. Rodr\u00edguez\u2010V\u00e1zquez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-5241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104545","display_name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla","ror":"https://ror.org/01mqtzm43","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I4210104545","https://openalex.org/I4210147934","https://openalex.org/I79238269"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. RODR\u00cdGUEZ-V\u00c1ZQUEZ","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla\u2013CNM\u2013CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla\u2013CNM\u2013CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104545"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104545"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.34,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75435321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"06","first_page":"435","last_page":"442"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11347","display_name":"Neural Networks Stability and Synchronization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11347","display_name":"Neural Networks Stability and Synchronization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11513","display_name":"stochastic dynamics and bifurcation","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.8093717694282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.7079131007194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6851530075073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-neural-network","display_name":"Cellular neural network","score":0.6746916770935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.668476939201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5785274505615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.5260600447654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4617948532104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.45813846588134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4230361878871918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4077881872653961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36556947231292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3519187569618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3162558376789093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16950148344039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1590215265750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08912092447280884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.8093717694282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.7079131007194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6851530075073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C812465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058375","display_name":"Cellular neural network","level":3,"score":0.6746916770935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.668476939201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5785274505615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.5260600447654724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4617948532104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.45813846588134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4230361878871918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4077881872653961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36556947231292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3519187569618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3162558376789093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16950148344039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1590215265750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08912092447280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D008838","descriptor_name":"Microcomputers","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008838","descriptor_name":"Microcomputers","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008838","descriptor_name":"Microcomputers","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065703001716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065703001716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15031851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15031851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of neural systems","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/85419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/85419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140853475","https://openalex.org/W1979482335","https://openalex.org/W2007120634","https://openalex.org/W2130416988","https://openalex.org/W2158076333","https://openalex.org/W2290312602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022544890","https://openalex.org/W2394097730","https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2769996735","https://openalex.org/W4312353617","https://openalex.org/W2113405914","https://openalex.org/W2260963831","https://openalex.org/W4235249401","https://openalex.org/W2331305369","https://openalex.org/W1488881018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Some":[0],"features":[1],"of":[2,17,67],"the":[3,51,55],"biological":[4],"retina":[5],"can":[6],"be":[7],"modelled":[8],"by":[9],"a":[10,34,43],"2-layer":[11],"cellular":[12],"neural":[13],"network":[14],"(CNN)":[15],"composed":[16],"locally":[18],"connected":[19],"elementary":[20],"nonlinear":[21],"processors.":[22],"In":[23],"order":[24],"to":[25],"explore":[26],"these":[27],"complex":[28],"spatiotemporal":[29],"dynamics":[30],"for":[31,58],"image":[32],"processing,":[33],"prototype":[35],"chip":[36],"has":[37],"been":[38],"designed":[39],"and":[40,54],"fabricated":[41],"in":[42,70,75],"0.5":[44,62],"microm":[45],"CMOS":[46],"technology.":[47],"Design":[48],"challenges,":[49],"trade-offs,":[50],"building":[52],"blocks":[53],"tests":[56],"results":[57],"this":[59,76],"system":[60],"with":[61],"x":[63],"10(6)":[64],"transistors,":[65],"most":[66],"them":[68],"operating":[69],"analog":[71],"mode,":[72],"are":[73],"presented":[74],"paper.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}