{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984557647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065702001278","title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON KERNEL-BASED PROBABILISTIC NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SPEAKER VERIFICATION","display_name":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON KERNEL-BASED PROBABILISTIC NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SPEAKER VERIFICATION","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984557647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065702001278","mag":"1984557647","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12424809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065702001278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065702001278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080468416","display_name":"Ka Fai Cedric Yiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7523-4069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. K. YIU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068768998","display_name":"Man\u2010Wai Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8854-3760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. W. MAK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072714962","display_name":"Sun\u2010Yuan Kung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7314-0720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Y. KUNG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080468416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76985595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"05","first_page":"381","last_page":"397"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.7344455122947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6954947710037231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6202371120452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5913510918617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5478460788726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.5023910999298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.45345354080200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4461110532283783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.44002580642700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.4323177933692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.43224310874938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-verification","display_name":"Speaker verification","score":0.42907658219337463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3983737826347351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3980883061885834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15090498328208923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.7344455122947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6954947710037231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6202371120452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5913510918617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5478460788726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5023910999298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.45345354080200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4461110532283783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.44002580642700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.4323177933692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.43224310874938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982762665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker verification","level":3,"score":0.42907658219337463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3983737826347351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3980883061885834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15090498328208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013018","descriptor_name":"Sound Spectrography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013018","descriptor_name":"Sound Spectrography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013018","descriptor_name":"Sound Spectrography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129065702001278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129065702001278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197665576","display_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","issn_l":"0129-0657","issn":["0129-0657","1793-6462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12424809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12424809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of neural systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.81.6256","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.81.6256","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eie.polyu.edu.hk/~mwmak/papers/IJONS2.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/18839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/18839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27330518","https://openalex.org/W27544168","https://openalex.org/W1576891459","https://openalex.org/W1586405805","https://openalex.org/W1945356021","https://openalex.org/W1966264494","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2050693797","https://openalex.org/W2069883713","https://openalex.org/W2079310762","https://openalex.org/W2102897151","https://openalex.org/W2121796158","https://openalex.org/W2123508266","https://openalex.org/W2128279985","https://openalex.org/W2146320039","https://openalex.org/W2161863800","https://openalex.org/W2162416585","https://openalex.org/W2165880886","https://openalex.org/W3147161844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018623685","https://openalex.org/W66821593","https://openalex.org/W1521299571","https://openalex.org/W1197719229","https://openalex.org/W2381158726","https://openalex.org/W2316548414","https://openalex.org/W1992796048","https://openalex.org/W3141593045","https://openalex.org/W2182163200","https://openalex.org/W1516392727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,89,142],"paper":[1],"compares":[2],"kernel-based":[3],"probabilistic":[4,21],"neural":[5,23],"networks":[6,24,34],"for":[7,54],"speaker":[8,37,55,83],"verification":[9],"based":[10],"on":[11],"138":[12],"speakers":[13],"of":[14,45,73,98,147],"the":[15,60,86,94,110,124,130,139,145],"YOHO":[16],"corpus.":[17],"Experimental":[18],"evaluations":[19],"using":[20],"decision-based":[22],"(PDBNNs),":[25],"Gaussian":[26],"mixture":[27],"models":[28,38,84],"(GMMs)":[29],"and":[30,67,81,132],"elliptical":[31],"basis":[32],"function":[33],"(EBFNs)":[35],"as":[36],"were":[39],"conducted.":[40],"The":[41],"original":[42],"training":[43],"algorithm":[44],"PDBNNs":[46,52,66,99],"was":[47],"also":[48,91,119],"modified":[49],"to":[50,102,114],"make":[51],"appropriate":[53],"verification.":[56],"Results":[57],"show":[58],"that":[59,72,79,93,106],"equal":[61],"error":[62,140],"rate":[63],"obtained":[64],"by":[65,129],"GMMs":[68,133],"is":[69,100],"less":[70],"than":[71],"EBFNs":[74,131],"(0.33%":[75],"vs.":[76],"0.48%),":[77],"suggesting":[78],"GMM-":[80],"PDBNN-based":[82,148],"outperform":[85],"EBFN":[87],"ones.":[88],"work":[90],"finds":[92],"globally":[95],"supervised":[96],"learning":[97],"able":[101],"find":[103],"decision":[104],"thresholds":[105],"not":[107],"only":[108],"maintain":[109],"false":[111],"acceptance":[112],"rates":[113],"a":[115,135],"low":[116],"level":[117],"but":[118],"reduce":[120],"their":[121],"variation,":[122],"whereas":[123],"ad-hoc":[125],"threshold-determination":[126],"approach":[127],"used":[128],"causes":[134],"large":[136],"variation":[137],"in":[138],"rates.":[141],"property":[143],"makes":[144],"performance":[146],"systems":[149],"more":[150],"predictable.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
