{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148794405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129054103001820","title":"Block Sorting is Hard","display_name":"Block Sorting is Hard","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148794405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129054103001820","mag":"2148794405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129054103001820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129054103001820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68047077","display_name":"International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science","issn_l":"0129-0541","issn":["0129-0541","1793-6373"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081125543","display_name":"Wolfgang Bein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-9880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang W. Bein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038877069","display_name":"Lawrence L. Larmore","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence L. Larmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112598261","display_name":"Shahram Latifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6868-5008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahram Latifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061707475","display_name":"I. Hal Sudborough","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-9891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Hal Sudborough","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Unversity of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Unversity of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70037394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"03","first_page":"425","last_page":"437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13664","display_name":"Genome Rearrangement Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13664","display_name":"Genome Rearrangement Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.876301646232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.8057795763015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.6898616552352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6097449660301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.522107720375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","score":0.49460574984550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.46135684847831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4607227146625519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting-network","display_name":"Sorting network","score":0.4211075007915497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting-algorithm","display_name":"Sorting algorithm","score":0.41391226649284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3954031765460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38239389657974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.34337031841278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3202816843986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15488699078559875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.876301646232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.8057795763015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6898616552352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6097449660301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.522107720375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.49460574984550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46135684847831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4607227146625519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64540648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646477","display_name":"Sorting network","level":4,"score":0.4211075007915497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108094655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181593","display_name":"Sorting algorithm","level":3,"score":0.41391226649284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3954031765460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38239389657974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.34337031841278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3202816843986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15488699078559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0129054103001820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129054103001820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68047077","display_name":"International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science","issn_l":"0129-0541","issn":["0129-0541","1793-6373"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973518576","https://openalex.org/W1980815056","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2023749136","https://openalex.org/W2025402252","https://openalex.org/W2054344911","https://openalex.org/W2157622572","https://openalex.org/W2159784428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2396743875","https://openalex.org/W2094179388","https://openalex.org/W2126436988","https://openalex.org/W2325315917","https://openalex.org/W2372558933","https://openalex.org/W2385397541","https://openalex.org/W4239051739","https://openalex.org/W2054216114","https://openalex.org/W2374324126","https://openalex.org/W2381187503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Block":[0],"sorting":[1,31,67],"is":[2,32],"used":[3],"in":[4,21],"connection":[5],"with":[6,37],"Optical":[7],"Character":[8],"Recognition":[9],"(OCR).":[10],"Recent":[11],"work":[12,20],"has":[13],"focused":[14],"on":[15],"finding":[16],"good":[17],"strategies":[18],"which":[19],"practice.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24,38,71],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,40],"show":[27,61],"that":[28,62],"optimizing":[29],"block":[30,66],"[Formula:":[33],"see":[34],"text]-hard.":[35],"Along":[36],"result,":[39],"give":[41],"new":[42],"non-trivial":[43],"lower":[44],"bounds.":[45],"These":[46],"bound":[47],"can":[48],"be":[49],"computed":[50],"efficiently.":[51],"We":[52],"define":[53],"the":[54],"concept":[55],"of":[56],"\"Local":[57],"Property":[58],"Algorithms\"":[59],"and":[60],"several":[63],"previously":[64],"published":[65],"algorithms":[68],"fall":[69],"into":[70],"class.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}