{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2983739215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812794499_0039","title":"Is #P Closed Under Subtraction?","display_name":"Is #P Closed Under Subtraction?","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2983739215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812794499_0039","mag":"2983739215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/9789812794499_0039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812794499_0039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464320","display_name":"WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113502191","display_name":"Lane A. Hemachandra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"LANE A. HEMACHANDRA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113675917","display_name":"Mitsunori Ogiwara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MITSUNORI OGIWARA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Mathematics, Electro-communications University, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Mathematics, Electro-communications University, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113502191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6957,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98001631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"523","last_page":"536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.016100000590085983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.016100000590085983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.009100000374019146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13370","display_name":"Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtraction","display_name":"Subtraction","score":0.7299380302429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3708046078681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2752431035041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1930868923664093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68060419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754","display_name":"Subtraction","level":2,"score":0.7299380302429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3708046078681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2752431035041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1930868923664093}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/9789812794499_0039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812794499_0039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464320","display_name":"WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2090049157","https://openalex.org/W1976835164","https://openalex.org/W2134771946","https://openalex.org/W2006407424","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W52818356","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-03T08:47:05.690250","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}