{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1541600087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812794499_0025","title":"Forms of Semantic Specification","display_name":"Forms of Semantic Specification","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1541600087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812794499_0025","mag":"1541600087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/9789812794499_0025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812794499_0025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464320","display_name":"WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031954035","display_name":"Carl A. Gunter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6943-0684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110357561","display_name":"University of the Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/048gmay44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110357561"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I922845939","display_name":"Philadelphia University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zzmyz63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I922845939"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carl A. Gunter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A","#N#               * University of Pennsylvania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946","https://openalex.org/I110357561","https://openalex.org/I922845939"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#               * University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031954035"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110357561","https://openalex.org/I36788626","https://openalex.org/I79576946","https://openalex.org/I922845939"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7461499,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":null,"first_page":"332","last_page":"353"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7559110522270203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7017248272895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.470020055770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.46519219875335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4618282616138458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-programming","display_name":"Logic programming","score":0.46064382791519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-language","display_name":"Formal language","score":0.46020668745040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language-specification","display_name":"Programming language specification","score":0.4581412971019745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specification-language","display_name":"Specification language","score":0.453986793756485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.22612425684928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-domain","display_name":"Programming domain","score":0.07352009415626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-programming","display_name":"Inductive programming","score":0.07332685589790344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7559110522270203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7017248272895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.470020055770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.46519219875335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4618282616138458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128838566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275603","display_name":"Logic programming","level":2,"score":0.46064382791519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146072743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192161","display_name":"Formal language","level":2,"score":0.46020668745040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15077461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248507","display_name":"Programming language specification","level":5,"score":0.4581412971019745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201677973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209840","display_name":"Specification language","level":2,"score":0.453986793756485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.22612425684928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119263510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248501","display_name":"Programming domain","level":4,"score":0.07352009415626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.07332685589790344}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/9789812794499_0025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812794499_0025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464320","display_name":"WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:cis_reports-1330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1330&context=cis_reports","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Technical Reports (CIS)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.648.6493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.648.6493","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1541600087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/eatcs/eatcs45.html#Gunter91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109144305","display_name":"Bulletin of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"0252-9742","issn":["0252-9742"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321815","host_organization_name":"European Association for Theoretical Computer Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Association for Theoretical Computer Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2985014649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/series/wsscs/wsscs40.html#Gunter93","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534508664","https://openalex.org/W1554859476","https://openalex.org/W1577078241","https://openalex.org/W1592287058","https://openalex.org/W1593666219","https://openalex.org/W1829244603","https://openalex.org/W2007270285","https://openalex.org/W2015256273","https://openalex.org/W2054299141","https://openalex.org/W2088735483","https://openalex.org/W2104416102","https://openalex.org/W2104890704","https://openalex.org/W2106718208","https://openalex.org/W2113757735","https://openalex.org/W2136920408","https://openalex.org/W2144778998","https://openalex.org/W2914693551","https://openalex.org/W3105529609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914260883","https://openalex.org/W1585015170","https://openalex.org/W2117469268","https://openalex.org/W1493950382","https://openalex.org/W2161408077","https://openalex.org/W116431634","https://openalex.org/W2043532049","https://openalex.org/W2052268488","https://openalex.org/W1495911407","https://openalex.org/W43735966","https://openalex.org/W1590879747","https://openalex.org/W2044716668","https://openalex.org/W139123081","https://openalex.org/W1936701972","https://openalex.org/W197556432","https://openalex.org/W2009994366","https://openalex.org/W3001621508","https://openalex.org/W1975908952","https://openalex.org/W33940506","https://openalex.org/W2295221401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"way":[1],"to":[2,57],"specify":[3],"a":[4,9,60],"programming":[5],"language":[6,52],"has":[7],"been":[8],"topic":[10],"of":[11,62,68],"heated":[12],"debate":[13],"for":[14],"some":[15,70,76],"decades":[16],"and":[17,51],"at":[18,59,73],"present":[19],"there":[20],"is":[21,27,39,56],"no":[22],"consensus":[23],"on":[24],"how":[25],"this":[26],"best":[28],"done.":[29],"Real":[30],"languages":[31],"are":[32],"almost":[33],"always":[34],"specified":[35],"informally;":[36],"nevertheless,":[37],"precision":[38],"often":[40],"enough":[41],"lacking":[42],"that":[43],"more":[44],"formal":[45,64],"approaches":[46,65],"could":[47],"benefit":[48],"both":[49],"programmers":[50],"implementors.":[53],"My":[54],"purpose":[55],"look":[58],"few":[61],"these":[63],"in":[66],"hope":[67],"establishing":[69],"distinctions":[71],"or":[72],"least":[74],"stirring":[75],"discussion.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}