{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412556891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00569-3","title":"Detection of fraud in public procurement using data-driven methods: a systematic mapping study","display_name":"Detection of fraud in public procurement using data-driven methods: a systematic mapping study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412556891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00569-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00569-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00569-3","pdf_url":"https://epjdatascience.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00569-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2504380752","display_name":"EPJ Data Science","issn_l":"2193-1127","issn":["2193-1127"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPJ Data Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://epjdatascience.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00569-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047782186","display_name":"Everton Schneider dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-6367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4104125","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina","ror":"https://ror.org/041akq887","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Everton Schneider dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Computer Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Computer Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049785542","display_name":"Matheus M. dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-8670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131883","display_name":"Brazilian Society of Computational and Applied Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/03kcw4w74","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131883"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092357","display_name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00fy4at53","country_code":"MD","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112090838","https://openalex.org/I4210092357"]}],"countries":["BR","MD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matheus Machado dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Computer Science and Computational Mathematics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Computer Science and Computational Mathematics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092357","https://openalex.org/I4210131883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018384192","display_name":"M\u00e1rcio Castro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9992-8540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4104125","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina","ror":"https://ror.org/041akq887","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00e1rcio Castro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Computer Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Computer Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010867632","display_name":"J\u00f4nata Tyska Carvalho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9020-2076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4104125","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina","ror":"https://ror.org/041akq887","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f4nata Tyska Carvalho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Computer Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Computer Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, Santa Catarina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047782186"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4104125"],"apc_list":{"value":1190,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1459},"apc_paid":{"value":1190,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1459},"fwci":12.7047,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98391393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9575999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.9563000202178955,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procurement","display_name":"Procurement","score":0.6199826002120972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5729299783706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4556454122066498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45104172825813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4003676474094391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1776421070098877}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201650216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829492","display_name":"Procurement","level":2,"score":0.6199826002120972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5729299783706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4556454122066498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45104172825813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4003676474094391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1776421070098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00569-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00569-3","pdf_url":"https://epjdatascience.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00569-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2504380752","display_name":"EPJ Data Science","issn_l":"2193-1127","issn":["2193-1127"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPJ Data Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:87956c9e8c31410a89bcfed0682cf0d3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/87956c9e8c31410a89bcfed0682cf0d3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EPJ Data Science, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-46 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00569-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00569-3","pdf_url":"https://epjdatascience.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00569-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2504380752","display_name":"EPJ Data Science","issn_l":"2193-1127","issn":["2193-1127"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPJ Data Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3938906640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(CAPES)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412556891.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412556891.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":108,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529876150","https://openalex.org/W1567404055","https://openalex.org/W1999798506","https://openalex.org/W2118023920","https://openalex.org/W2163575238","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2184652140","https://openalex.org/W2288307443","https://openalex.org/W2330219538","https://openalex.org/W2492294785","https://openalex.org/W2527824991","https://openalex.org/W2585314684","https://openalex.org/W2618157449","https://openalex.org/W2747121724","https://openalex.org/W2790344751","https://openalex.org/W2889403198","https://openalex.org/W2901687301","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2948221424","https://openalex.org/W2954866906","https://openalex.org/W2967037639","https://openalex.org/W2974160710","https://openalex.org/W2980705260","https://openalex.org/W2995591278","https://openalex.org/W2999384409","https://openalex.org/W3000452907","https://openalex.org/W3013389388","https://openalex.org/W3014680498","https://openalex.org/W3027948573","https://openalex.org/W3039577790","https://openalex.org/W3048668729","https://openalex.org/W3083556389","https://openalex.org/W3087210799","https://openalex.org/W3088714992","https://openalex.org/W3089382538","https://openalex.org/W3103552141","https://openalex.org/W3104973987","https://openalex.org/W3108321758","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3125080659","https://openalex.org/W3126731334","https://openalex.org/W3128602833","https://openalex.org/W3128807924","https://openalex.org/W3128828236","https://openalex.org/W3134239236","https://openalex.org/W3139485665","https://openalex.org/W3171314438","https://openalex.org/W3172626360","https://openalex.org/W3179341060","https://openalex.org/W3194785606","https://openalex.org/W3195078989","https://openalex.org/W3199458213","https://openalex.org/W3214040037","https://openalex.org/W3214351082","https://openalex.org/W3217428405","https://openalex.org/W4200379612","https://openalex.org/W4205400559","https://openalex.org/W4206084589","https://openalex.org/W4206107981","https://openalex.org/W4206465675","https://openalex.org/W4212877170","https://openalex.org/W4212971622","https://openalex.org/W4214580494","https://openalex.org/W4230452299","https://openalex.org/W4237906299","https://openalex.org/W4255396293","https://openalex.org/W4280557895","https://openalex.org/W4288422249","https://openalex.org/W4297102147","https://openalex.org/W4300662894","https://openalex.org/W4306696810","https://openalex.org/W4309579728","https://openalex.org/W4312203457","https://openalex.org/W4320921299","https://openalex.org/W4327518009","https://openalex.org/W4362571201","https://openalex.org/W4362638936","https://openalex.org/W4362653910","https://openalex.org/W4362684449","https://openalex.org/W4376226279","https://openalex.org/W4378216836","https://openalex.org/W4381480340","https://openalex.org/W4382677487","https://openalex.org/W4384007584","https://openalex.org/W4384377129","https://openalex.org/W4384377272","https://openalex.org/W4384377288","https://openalex.org/W4385146253","https://openalex.org/W4385486090","https://openalex.org/W4386190196","https://openalex.org/W4386950893","https://openalex.org/W4386998099","https://openalex.org/W4387709684","https://openalex.org/W4388103582","https://openalex.org/W4388297879","https://openalex.org/W4388561724","https://openalex.org/W4389727240","https://openalex.org/W4390263201","https://openalex.org/W4390411047","https://openalex.org/W4390807591","https://openalex.org/W4391095543","https://openalex.org/W4391617019","https://openalex.org/W4391968361","https://openalex.org/W4393054053","https://openalex.org/W4396218402","https://openalex.org/W4402417435","https://openalex.org/W4407734818","https://openalex.org/W4408443870"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4382807753","https://openalex.org/W2910979491","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2064266244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,143,217],"scientific":[2],"literature":[3,29],"dedicated":[4],"to":[5,24,49,56,67,88,102,114,133,153,159,175,192,223,235,242,247],"the":[6,19,28,36,79,104,135,140,165,186,202,209,214],"detection":[7,230],"of":[8,21,35,38,61,81,121,162,182,196,204,213,219,228],"fraud":[9,39,92,229],"in":[10,70,93,189,231],"public":[11,71,94,205,232],"procurement":[12],"is":[13,179,201],"vast,":[14],"with":[15,78,107],"several":[16],"studies":[17],"reporting":[18],"use":[20,149],"different":[22],"methodologies":[23,188],"detect":[25,68,154,160,193],"corruption.":[26,197],"However,":[27],"still":[30,173],"lacks":[31],"a":[32,58,99,180,224],"comprehensive":[33,226],"study":[34,116,221],"types":[37],"being":[40,47],"investigated":[41],"and":[42,119,156,211,239,244],"how":[43,62],"data-driven":[44,86],"techniques":[45,64,87],"are":[46,65,169],"used":[48,66,85],"address":[50],"this":[51],"problem.":[52],"This":[53],"article":[54],"aims":[55],"provide":[57],"better":[59],"overview":[60],"these":[63,131],"corruption":[69],"procurement.":[72,95],"We":[73,96],"systematically":[74],"searched":[75],"academic":[76],"databases":[77],"goal":[80],"finding":[82],"papers":[83,132,183],"that":[84,146,172,184],"predict":[89],"or":[90],"identify":[91],"also":[97],"performed":[98],"snowballing":[100],"procedure":[101],"complement":[103],"database":[105],"search":[106],"additional":[108],"papers.":[109,125],"93":[110],"works":[111,148],"were":[112],"added":[113],"our":[115,220],"after":[117],"screening":[118],"evaluation":[120],"more":[122,225],"than":[123],"6000":[124],"Relevant":[126],"information":[127],"was":[128],"extracted":[129],"from":[130],"answer":[134],"research":[136],"question":[137],"defined":[138],"during":[139],"planning":[141],"phase.":[142],"results":[144],"showed":[145],"most":[147],"machine":[150],"learning":[151],"models":[152],"collusion":[155],"statistical":[157],"analysis":[158],"instances":[161],"favoritism.":[163],"Despite":[164],"promising":[166],"results,":[167],"there":[168],"some":[170],"gaps":[171],"need":[174],"be":[176],"addressed.":[177],"There":[178],"lack":[181,203],"employ":[185],"proposed":[187,215],"real-life":[190],"systems":[191],"new":[194],"cases":[195],"Another":[198],"gap":[199],"found":[200],"available":[206],"datasets,":[207],"hindering":[208],"replication":[210],"dissemination":[212],"methodologies.":[216],"findings":[218],"contribute":[222],"understanding":[227],"procurement,":[233],"pointing":[234],"areas":[236],"for":[237],"improvement":[238],"offering":[240],"insights":[241],"researchers":[243],"institutions":[245],"seeking":[246],"improve":[248],"their":[249],"processes.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
