{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409540206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9","title":"AI and the economic divide: How Artificial Intelligence could widen the divide in the U.S.","display_name":"AI and the economic divide: How Artificial Intelligence could widen the divide in the U.S.","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409540206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9","pdf_url":"https://epjdatascience.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2504380752","display_name":"EPJ Data Science","issn_l":"2193-1127","issn":["2193-1127"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPJ Data Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://epjdatascience.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016322319","display_name":"Ali Akbar Septiandri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2044-5106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098141","display_name":"Nokia (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zpf0626","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Septiandri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012168451","display_name":"Marios Constantinides","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1454-0641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098141","display_name":"Nokia (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zpf0626","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marios Constantinides","raw_affiliation_strings":["CYENS Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus","Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CYENS Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081008532","display_name":"Daniele Quercia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-5804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164213776","display_name":"King's College - North Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/022f44628","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164213776"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098141","display_name":"Nokia (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zpf0626","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Quercia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kings College London, United Kingdom, London, UK","Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kings College London, United Kingdom, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164213776","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098141"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016322319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098141"],"apc_list":{"value":1190,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1459},"apc_paid":{"value":1190,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1459},"fwci":8.1823,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96632114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13588","display_name":"Regional resilience and development","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13588","display_name":"Regional resilience and development","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.509240984916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4431005120277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.37713420391082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3234078884124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21633374691009521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.509240984916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4431005120277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.37713420391082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3234078884124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21633374691009521}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9","pdf_url":"https://epjdatascience.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2504380752","display_name":"EPJ Data Science","issn_l":"2193-1127","issn":["2193-1127"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPJ Data Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b2c10e3f3e944c12bcdd2e925c26a4ee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b2c10e3f3e944c12bcdd2e925c26a4ee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EPJ Data Science, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9","pdf_url":"https://epjdatascience.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2504380752","display_name":"EPJ Data Science","issn_l":"2193-1127","issn":["2193-1127"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPJ Data Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409540206.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409540206.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506869707","https://openalex.org/W1631150390","https://openalex.org/W1988199510","https://openalex.org/W2033635503","https://openalex.org/W2045737401","https://openalex.org/W2066138382","https://openalex.org/W2096015313","https://openalex.org/W2096907681","https://openalex.org/W2111735034","https://openalex.org/W2140827413","https://openalex.org/W2158550634","https://openalex.org/W2526781987","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2786141192","https://openalex.org/W2804936679","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W2991532994","https://openalex.org/W3119560152","https://openalex.org/W3125876381","https://openalex.org/W3159104979","https://openalex.org/W3194782062","https://openalex.org/W4212773024","https://openalex.org/W4226318431","https://openalex.org/W4284662765","https://openalex.org/W4301174767","https://openalex.org/W4323074167","https://openalex.org/W4323345726","https://openalex.org/W4389137437","https://openalex.org/W4402763630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"Intelligence":[1],"(AI)":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"repeatedly":[5],"associated":[6],"with":[7,74,136],"the":[8,18,66,75,121,170],"potential":[9,58],"for":[10,172],"automating,":[11],"or":[12],"even":[13],"augmenting,":[14],"occupational":[15,45],"tasks.":[16,46],"However,":[17],"geographical":[19],"impact":[20,59],"of":[21,51,106,117],"AI":[22,41,71,101,147],"remains":[23],"unclear.":[24],"Building":[25],"on":[26],"previous":[27],"work,":[28],"we":[29],"employed":[30],"a":[31,49,115,163],"deep":[32],"learning":[33],"natural":[34],"language":[35],"processing":[36],"model":[37],"to":[38,97,129,138],"automatically":[39],"identify":[40],"patents":[42,72],"impacting":[43],"various":[44],"We":[47],"analyzed":[48],"dataset":[50],"17,879":[52],"task":[53],"descriptions":[54],"and":[55,79,85],"quantified":[56],"AI\u2019s":[57],"at":[60,141],"metropolitan":[61],"statistical":[62],"areas":[63,155],"(MSAs)":[64],"within":[65],"U.S.":[67,122],"by":[68,100,114],"examining":[69],"24,758":[70],"filed":[73],"United":[76],"States":[77],"Patent":[78],"Trademark":[80],"Office":[81],"(USPTO)":[82],"between":[83],"2015":[84],"2022.":[86],"Our":[87],"findings":[88],"reveal":[89],"that":[90,92,124,146],"MSAs":[91,123],"will":[93,110,125],"be":[94,98,112,126,130],"more":[95,127],"likely":[96,128],"impacted":[99,131],"are":[102,132,159],"not":[103],"just":[104],"hubs":[105],"creative":[107],"industries":[108],"but":[109],"also":[111],"characterized":[113],"lack":[116],"economic":[118,157],"diversity.":[119],"Indeed,":[120],"those":[133],"heavily":[134],"specialized,":[135],"little":[137],"no":[139],"efforts":[140],"diversification.":[142],"These":[143],"dynamics":[144],"suggest":[145],"could":[148],"amplify":[149],"existing":[150],"divides,":[151],"hitting":[152],"hardest":[153],"in":[154,162,169],"where":[156],"opportunities":[158],"already":[160],"concentrated":[161],"few":[164],"sectors,":[165],"leaving":[166],"many":[167],"behind":[168],"race":[171],"innovation-driven":[173],"growth.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
