{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402926193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00497-8","title":"DApps ecosystems: mapping the network structure of smart contract interactions","display_name":"DApps ecosystems: mapping the network structure of smart contract interactions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402926193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00497-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00497-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00497-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00497-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2504380752","display_name":"EPJ Data Science","issn_l":"2193-1127","issn":["2193-1127"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPJ Data Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00497-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039852546","display_name":"Sabrina Aufiero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5336-4165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabrina Aufiero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019364314","display_name":"Giacomo Ibba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-1969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Ibba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Business and Economic Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Business and Economic Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090881985","display_name":"Silvia Bartolucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1127-5600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Bartolucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1127-5600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036425614","display_name":"Giuseppe Destefanis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3982-6355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Destefanis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Brunel University, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Brunel University, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012191491","display_name":"Rumyana Neykova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2755-7728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rumyana Neykova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Brunel University, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Brunel University, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066056987","display_name":"Marco Ortu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4191-5058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Ortu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Business and Economic Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Business and Economic Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090881985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":1790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1790},"apc_paid":{"value":1790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1790},"fwci":9.3073,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97762779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.533004879951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5256151556968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34219276905059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.19960463047027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1086045503616333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.533004879951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5256151556968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34219276905059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.19960463047027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1086045503616333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00497-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00497-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00497-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2504380752","display_name":"EPJ Data Science","issn_l":"2193-1127","issn":["2193-1127"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPJ Data Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bura.brunel.ac.uk:2438/29869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/29869","pdf_url":"http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/29869/3/FullText.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401473","display_name":"Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","host_organization_name":"Brunel University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a78e734268804a768f284481f4f025c5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a78e734268804a768f284481f4f025c5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EPJ Data Science, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-31 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/418966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11584/418966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00497-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00497-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjds/s13688-024-00497-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2504380752","display_name":"EPJ Data Science","issn_l":"2193-1127","issn":["2193-1127"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EPJ Data Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5768721113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FY23-1048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329018","funder_display_name":"Ethereum Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329018","display_name":"Ethereum Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05j1x9f71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402926193.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402926193.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1893639437","https://openalex.org/W2000042664","https://openalex.org/W2038793346","https://openalex.org/W2070787093","https://openalex.org/W2108643380","https://openalex.org/W2124418175","https://openalex.org/W2128678576","https://openalex.org/W2145416273","https://openalex.org/W2160182024","https://openalex.org/W2784110831","https://openalex.org/W2794481009","https://openalex.org/W2805750930","https://openalex.org/W2912597714","https://openalex.org/W2969732734","https://openalex.org/W2975871742","https://openalex.org/W2979826091","https://openalex.org/W2981490091","https://openalex.org/W3004205122","https://openalex.org/W3016676200","https://openalex.org/W3042599897","https://openalex.org/W3044310523","https://openalex.org/W3110825861","https://openalex.org/W3114396687","https://openalex.org/W4235019172","https://openalex.org/W4237121782","https://openalex.org/W4238217487","https://openalex.org/W4241416925","https://openalex.org/W4321792783","https://openalex.org/W4365794341","https://openalex.org/W4387122669","https://openalex.org/W4387544155","https://openalex.org/W4391854826","https://openalex.org/W4391958064","https://openalex.org/W6930361945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Decentralized":[1],"applications":[2],"(DApps)":[3],"built":[4],"on":[5],"blockchain":[6,152],"platforms":[7],"such":[8,15],"as":[9,16],"Ethereum":[10],"and":[11,82,88,118,126,139,179],"coded":[12],"in":[13,168],"languages":[14],"Solidity,":[17],"have":[18],"recently":[19],"gained":[20],"attention":[21],"for":[22,176,183],"their":[23,31],"potential":[24,174],"to":[25,39,68,97],"disrupt":[26],"traditional":[27],"centralized":[28],"systems.":[29],"Despite":[30],"rapid":[32],"adoption,":[33],"limited":[34],"research":[35],"has":[36],"been":[37],"conducted":[38],"understand":[40],"the":[41,84,92,123,151,181],"underlying":[42],"code":[43],"structure":[44,133],"of":[45,54,62,86,143,158],"these":[46],"applications.":[47],"In":[48,77],"particular,":[49],"each":[50,58,162],"DApp":[51,163],"is":[52,95,111],"composed":[53],"multiple":[55],"smart":[56],"contracts,":[57],"containing":[59],"a":[60,70,74,130,140,155,165],"number":[61,157],"functions":[63,89,160],"that":[64,100,120],"can":[65,101],"be":[66,102],"called":[67],"trigger":[69],"specific":[71],"event,":[72],"e.g.,":[73],"token":[75],"transfer.":[76],"this":[78],"paper,":[79],"we":[80],"reconstruct":[81],"analyse":[83],"network":[85,132,170],"contracts":[87,138],"calls":[90],"within":[91,161],"DApp,":[93],"which":[94],"helpful":[96],"unveil":[98],"vulnerabilities":[99],"exploited":[103],"by":[104,135],"malicious":[105],"attackers.":[106],"We":[107,128],"show":[108],"how":[109],"decentralization":[110],"architecturally":[112],"implemented,":[113],"identifying":[114],"common":[115,147],"development":[116],"patterns":[117],"anomalies":[119],"could":[121],"influence":[122],"system\u2019s":[124],"robustness":[125],"efficiency.":[127],"find":[129],"consistent":[131],"characterized":[134],"modular,":[136],"self-sufficient":[137],"complex":[141],"web":[142],"function":[144],"interactions,":[145],"indicating":[146],"coding":[148],"practices":[149],"across":[150],"community.":[153],"Critically,":[154],"small":[156],"key":[159],"play":[164],"central":[166],"role":[167],"maintaining":[169],"connectivity,":[171],"making":[172],"them":[173],"targets":[175],"cyber":[177],"attacks":[178],"highlighting":[180],"need":[182],"robust":[184],"security":[185],"measures.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
