{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039373147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/0218071","title":"Ratio Estimators are Maximum-Likelihood Estimators for Non-Context-Free Grammars","display_name":"Ratio Estimators are Maximum-Likelihood Estimators for Non-Context-Free Grammars","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039373147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/0218071","mag":"2039373147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1137/0218071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/0218071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153560523","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","issn_l":"0097-5397","issn":["0097-5397","1095-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089954030","display_name":"Keith Humenik","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keith Humenik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089954030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72932596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"5","first_page":"1048","last_page":"1055"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7869312763214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.5901110768318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.584960401058197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5474080443382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.49457165598869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4891355335712433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.4541073441505432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4082355201244354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2233285903930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.12203291058540344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7869312763214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5901110768318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.584960401058197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5474080443382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.49457165598869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4891355335712433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.4541073441505432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4082355201244354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2233285903930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.12203291058540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1137/0218071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/0218071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153560523","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","issn_l":"0097-5397","issn":["0097-5397","1095-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994287147","https://openalex.org/W2000306011","https://openalex.org/W2111041233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287880334","https://openalex.org/W4366700029","https://openalex.org/W3175363083","https://openalex.org/W4285230481","https://openalex.org/W4385769873","https://openalex.org/W2015759683","https://openalex.org/W4281634296","https://openalex.org/W4319161863","https://openalex.org/W2371687270","https://openalex.org/W2898674639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"shows":[2],"that":[3],"straightforward":[4],"ratio":[5,20],"estimators":[6],"for":[7],"the":[8,26,29,39,43],"production":[9],"probabilities":[10],"of":[11,28,35],"non-context-free":[12],"unambiguous":[13],"probabilistic":[14],"grammars":[15],"are":[16,22],"maximum-likelihood":[17],"estimators.":[18],"These":[19],"estimates":[21],"obtained":[23],"by":[24,42],"analyzing":[25],"derivations":[27],"strings":[30,36],"in":[31],"a":[32],"random":[33],"sample":[34],"taken":[37],"from":[38],"language":[40],"derived":[41],"grammar.":[44]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
