{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045677144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/0203007","title":"First Order Graph Grammars","display_name":"First Order Graph Grammars","publication_year":1974,"publication_date":"1974-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045677144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/0203007","mag":"2045677144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1137/0203007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/0203007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153560523","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","issn_l":"0097-5397","issn":["0097-5397","1095-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110024163","display_name":"Curtis R. Cook","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Curtis R. Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110024163"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8166,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91247306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"90","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-adjoining-grammar","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","score":0.6525325179100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-sensitive-grammar","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","score":0.5775144100189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.5453916192054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5294071435928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.5176758766174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.5120142102241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null-graph","display_name":"Null graph","score":0.5107045769691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-graph","display_name":"Voltage graph","score":0.5011899471282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.46492719650268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.39580243825912476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38057392835617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-graph","display_name":"Line graph","score":0.3027641773223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1188865602016449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134083981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754022","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","level":4,"score":0.6525325179100037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125950753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908674","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","level":4,"score":0.5775144100189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.5453916192054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5294071435928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.5176758766174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5120142102241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17169500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3033506","display_name":"Null graph","level":5,"score":0.5107045769691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22149727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940747","display_name":"Voltage graph","level":4,"score":0.5011899471282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.46492719650268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.39580243825912476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38057392835617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203776342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378376","display_name":"Line graph","level":3,"score":0.3027641773223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1188865602016449}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1137/0203007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/0203007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153560523","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","issn_l":"0097-5397","issn":["0097-5397","1095-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003442449","https://openalex.org/W2020996668","https://openalex.org/W2083312088","https://openalex.org/W2093311785","https://openalex.org/W2592184324","https://openalex.org/W2913924563","https://openalex.org/W4213214460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153803459","https://openalex.org/W1608157979","https://openalex.org/W2067980891","https://openalex.org/W2403874525","https://openalex.org/W2041988689","https://openalex.org/W1998938240","https://openalex.org/W1255264663","https://openalex.org/W2918124307","https://openalex.org/W2030734020","https://openalex.org/W1576087595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"consider":[4],"first":[5,80],"order":[6,81],"context-free,":[7],"linear,":[8],"and":[9,13,31,37,43,53,56],"regular":[10,32,50,54],"graph":[11,33,51,83,98],"grammars":[12],"obtain":[14,26],"many":[15],"results":[16],"similar":[17],"to":[18],"those":[19],"for":[20,29,39],"the":[21,47,59,64,94],"corresponding":[22],"string":[23],"grammars.":[24,99],"We":[25,45,85],"normal":[27],"forms":[28],"context-free":[30,82],"grammars,":[34],"simplification":[35],"lemmas,":[36],"algorithms":[38],"membership,":[40],"emptiness,":[41],"finiteness":[42],"infiniteness.":[44],"show":[46,57],"relation":[48],"between":[49],"languages":[52],"sets":[55],"that":[58],"set":[60,66],"of":[61,91,93,97],"graphs":[62],"resembling":[63],"nonregular":[65],"$\\{":[67],"a^n":[68],"b^n":[69],"|":[70],"n":[71],"\\geqq":[72],"1\\}":[73],"$":[74],"is":[75],"not":[76],"generated":[77],"by":[78],"a":[79],"grammar.":[84],"also":[86],"give":[87],"several":[88],"graphical":[89],"characterizations":[90],"each":[92],"three":[95],"types":[96]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}