{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4250251707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/siread000051000002000415000001","title":"Education","display_name":"Education","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4250251707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/siread000051000002000415000001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1137/siread000051000002000415000001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/siread000051000002000415000001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160107561","display_name":"SIAM Review","issn_l":"0036-1445","issn":["0036-1445","1095-7200"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025367520","display_name":"Andrew J. Bernoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9443-6320"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Bernoff","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025367520"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67516032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"2","first_page":"415","last_page":"415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14106","display_name":"Environmental and Sediment Control","score":0.07280000299215317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14106","display_name":"Environmental and Sediment Control","score":0.07280000299215317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6215868592262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5910588502883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5731733441352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.5504221320152283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5475389361381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.5432114005088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5015964508056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.5006394386291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.47024717926979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.4338167905807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43160921335220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37643730640411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3671579360961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3278670907020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2812696695327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.07765215635299683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6215868592262268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5910588502883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5731733441352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.5504221320152283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5475389361381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.5432114005088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5015964508056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.5006394386291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47024717926979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.4338167905807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43160921335220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37643730640411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3671579360961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3278670907020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2812696695327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07765215635299683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1137/siread000051000002000415000001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/siread000051000002000415000001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160107561","display_name":"SIAM Review","issn_l":"0036-1445","issn":["0036-1445","1095-7200"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162640687","https://openalex.org/W2018223046","https://openalex.org/W2151970936","https://openalex.org/W2759939383","https://openalex.org/W2294693339","https://openalex.org/W2557390811","https://openalex.org/W2355560018","https://openalex.org/W2147209541","https://openalex.org/W4231710054","https://openalex.org/W3213945064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Look":[0],"deeply":[1],"into":[2],"my":[3,164,179],"eyes":[4],"$\\ldots$":[5],"are":[6,150,381],"you":[7],"sure":[8],"it":[9,209,235],"is":[10,71,173,192,210,236,337,367],"me?":[11],"The":[12,201],"study":[13,220],"of":[14,60,89,108,122,129,131,163,178,245,249,294,304,308,323,373,400],"biometrics":[15],"asks":[16],"just":[17],"this":[18,80,204,315],"question:":[19],"what":[20],"physical":[21],"characteristics":[22],"can":[23,36,184],"be":[24,38,196],"used":[25,39],"to":[26,40,102,141,195,226,257,289,319,353],"uniquely":[27],"identify":[28],"an":[29,42,90,176,331],"individual?":[30],"Fingerprints,":[31],"DNA,":[32],"and":[33,62,97,104,167,206,233,238,240,255,259,279,285,311,343,348,358],"iris":[34,166],"identification":[35],"all":[37],"recognize":[41],"individual":[43],"biometrically.":[44],"These":[45],"systems":[46],"work":[47],"by":[48,94,264,282,301,341,364,385],"taking":[49],"two":[50,161],"samples,":[51],"determining":[52],"a":[53,58,73,110,119,186,213,223,227,252,265,324,386,388,406],"distance":[54,70],"between":[55],"them":[56],"(basically":[57],"measure":[59],"sameness),":[61],"declaring":[63],"that":[64,115,171,188,208],"the":[65,69,87,106,132,158,168,189,243,247,261,292,321,327,361,371,374,397],"samples":[66],"match":[67],"if":[68,116,157],"below":[72],"prescribed":[74],"threshold.":[75],"Our":[76,268],"first":[77,228],"paper":[78],"in":[79,251,355],"issue's":[81],"Education":[82],"section,":[83],"\u201cA":[84],"Problem":[85],"with":[86,276],"Assessment":[88],"Iris":[91],"Identification":[92],"System,\u201d":[93],"Michel":[95],"Dekking":[96],"Andr\u00e9":[98],"Hensbergen,":[99],"considers":[100],"how":[101,256],"assess":[103],"validate":[105],"reliability":[107],"such":[109],"system.":[111],"One":[112],"might":[113],"think":[114],"one":[117,134,172,318],"has":[118],"sample":[120,216,253],"set":[121,159,254],"N":[123],"eye":[124],"images,":[125],"containing":[126],"multiple":[127],"images":[128,162],"some":[130],"eyes,":[133],"would":[135,221],"have":[136],"${N":[137],"\\choose":[138],"2}$":[139],"pairs":[140,149],"test":[142],"one's":[143],"algorithm":[144,169],"on.":[145],"In":[146],"fact,":[147],"these":[148,365],"not":[151],"independent\u2014a":[152],"subtle":[153],"difficulty":[154],"arises":[155],"because":[156],"contains":[160],"left":[165],"determines":[170],"different":[174,199],"from":[175,291,383],"image":[177,191],"right":[180],"iris,":[181],"then":[182],"I":[183],"deduce":[185],"priori":[187],"other":[190],"more":[193],"likely":[194],"identified":[197],"as":[198,405],"also.":[200],"authors":[202],"quantify":[203,258],"effect,":[205],"demonstrate":[207],"small":[211],"for":[212,273,306,369],"large":[214],"enough":[215],"size.":[217],"This":[218],"case":[219],"make":[222],"lovely":[224],"addition":[225],"full":[229],"course":[230],"on":[231,330],"probability":[232],"statistics;":[234],"self-contained":[237],"accessible":[239],"demonstrates":[241],"both":[242],"necessity":[244],"considering":[246],"independence":[248],"elements":[250],"bound":[260],"error":[262],"introduced":[263],"biased":[266],"sample.":[267],"second":[269],"paper,":[270],"\u201cEnergy":[271],"Considerations":[272],"Multiphase":[274],"Fluids":[275],"Variable":[277],"Density":[278],"Surface":[280],"Tension,\u201d":[281],"Fran\u00e7ois":[283],"Blanchette":[284],"Yue":[286],"Lei,":[287],"comes":[288],"us":[290],"forefront":[293],"fluid":[295,334],"mechanics.":[296],"Classically,":[297],"mathematicians":[298],"often":[299],"start":[300],"deriving":[302],"equations":[303],"motion":[305],"fluids":[307],"constant":[309],"density":[310],"surface":[312,356,389,393],"tension.":[313],"While":[314],"will":[316],"allow":[317],"analyze":[320],"dripping":[322],"faucet":[325],"or":[326,395],"drag":[328],"forces":[329,362],"oil":[332],"tanker,":[333],"dynamical":[335],"research":[336],"presently":[338],"being":[339],"driven":[340],"biological":[342],"microfluidic":[344,401],"problems":[345],"where":[346],"temperature":[347],"chemical":[349],"gradients":[350],"give":[351],"rise":[352],"variations":[354,366],"tension":[357],"density.":[359],"Understanding":[360],"induced":[363],"essential":[368],"understanding":[370],"development":[372],"human":[375],"lung,":[376],"whose":[377],"delicate":[378],"small-scale":[379],"structures":[380],"prevented":[382],"collapsing":[384],"surfactant,":[387],"active":[390],"agent":[391],"reducing":[392],"tension,":[394],"building":[396],"latest":[398],"generation":[399],"devices,":[402],"usually":[403],"described":[404],"\u201clab-on-a-chip,":[407]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
