{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135247531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/s003613999325419x","title":"Competitive Exclusion in Gonorrhea Models and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases","display_name":"Competitive Exclusion in Gonorrhea Models and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135247531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/s003613999325419x","mag":"2135247531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1137/s003613999325419x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/s003613999325419x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77200987","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"0036-1399","issn":["0036-1399","1095-712X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068525348","display_name":"Carlos Castillo\u2010Ch\u00e1vez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-3901"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Castillo-Chavez","raw_affiliation_strings":["CLAS-NS: Mathematical Computational Modeling Sciences Center, Simon A. Levin (MCMSC)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CLAS-NS: Mathematical Computational Modeling Sciences Center, Simon A. Levin (MCMSC)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111434860","display_name":"Wenzhang Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613331","display_name":"Jia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3145-2811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82495205","display_name":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsxwr40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama in Huntsville"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama in Huntsville","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82495205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068525348"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":145,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7958484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"2","first_page":"494","last_page":"508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host","display_name":"Host (biology)","score":0.7111014723777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-exclusion","display_name":"Competitive exclusion","score":0.6387666463851929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virulence","display_name":"Virulence","score":0.6256319880485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.6111401915550232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneous","display_name":"Homogeneous","score":0.6031785607337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogen","display_name":"Pathogen","score":0.5594414472579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.5484580993652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gonorrhea","display_name":"Gonorrhea","score":0.48012590408325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain","display_name":"Strain (injury)","score":0.42055147886276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.3340662717819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.31395256519317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.25403231382369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.13316050171852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.1080646812915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10616880655288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.08982890844345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.08968839049339294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-immunodeficiency-virus","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","score":0.07498520612716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.07016181945800781}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7111014723777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992687717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331830","display_name":"Competitive exclusion","level":3,"score":0.6387666463851929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.6256319880485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6111401915550232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.6031785607337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776460866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065","display_name":"Pathogen","level":2,"score":0.5594414472579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5484580993652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778082588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101896","display_name":"Gonorrhea","level":3,"score":0.48012590408325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576145","display_name":"Strain (injury)","level":2,"score":0.42055147886276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.3340662717819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.31395256519317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.25403231382369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.13316050171852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.1080646812915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10616880655288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.08982890844345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08968839049339294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.07498520612716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07016181945800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1137/s003613999325419x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/s003613999325419x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77200987","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"0036-1399","issn":["0036-1399","1095-712X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.cornell.edu:1813/31801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1813/31801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400757","display_name":"eCommons (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"periodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337380","display_name":"Division of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051fftw81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163166059","https://openalex.org/W1484822889","https://openalex.org/W1510542905","https://openalex.org/W1531629318","https://openalex.org/W1553153472","https://openalex.org/W1575154287","https://openalex.org/W1988240917","https://openalex.org/W1989932652","https://openalex.org/W1992966607","https://openalex.org/W2023795026","https://openalex.org/W2030142085","https://openalex.org/W2034371946","https://openalex.org/W2035349831","https://openalex.org/W2039395299","https://openalex.org/W2041572706","https://openalex.org/W2043833229","https://openalex.org/W2045372198","https://openalex.org/W2060838256","https://openalex.org/W2061738077","https://openalex.org/W2061867342","https://openalex.org/W2088131931","https://openalex.org/W2089171051","https://openalex.org/W2110891892","https://openalex.org/W2119018431","https://openalex.org/W2122443569","https://openalex.org/W2136020357","https://openalex.org/W2138849294","https://openalex.org/W2161499589","https://openalex.org/W2316531379","https://openalex.org/W2398845183","https://openalex.org/W2893711114","https://openalex.org/W4237241315","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388299012"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3101528127","https://openalex.org/W2043777554","https://openalex.org/W4315648733","https://openalex.org/W2037903640","https://openalex.org/W4293109285","https://openalex.org/W2054884074","https://openalex.org/W2809820951","https://openalex.org/W2091398531","https://openalex.org/W2343234619","https://openalex.org/W3173815060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"heterosexually":[1],"active":[2],"population":[3,54],"is":[4,17,56,71],"exposed":[5],"to":[6],"two":[7,11,90,122],"competing":[8,104],"strains":[9,123],"or":[10,40],"distinct":[12],"sexually":[13],"transmitted":[14],"pathogens.":[15],"It":[16],"assumed":[18],"that":[19,31,47,73,98],"a":[20,35,49,99],"host":[21,100],"cannot":[22],"be":[23],"invaded":[24],"simultaneously":[25],"by":[26],"both":[27],"disease":[28],"agents":[29],"and":[30,51],"when":[32,121],"symptoms":[33],"appear,":[34],"function":[36],"of":[37,68,81,115,119],"the":[38,77,82,96,107,111,116,126],"pathogen":[39],"strain":[41],"virulence,":[42],"individuals":[43],"recover.":[44],"We":[45,85],"conclude":[46,86],"in":[48],"behaviorally":[50],"genetically":[52],"homogeneous":[53],"coexistence":[55,114],"not":[57],"possible":[58],"except":[59],"under":[60],"very":[61],"special":[62],"circumstances.":[63],"The":[64,92],"mathematical":[65],"qualitative":[66],"analysis":[67,80],"our":[69],"model":[70],"complete;":[72],"is,":[74],"we":[75],"provide":[76],"global":[78],"stability":[79],"stationary":[83],"states.":[84],"this":[87],"manuscript":[88],"with":[89],"extensions.":[91],"first":[93],"allows":[94],"for":[95,125],"possibility":[97],"may":[101],"face":[102],"multiple":[103],"strains,":[105],"while":[106],"second":[108],"looks":[109],"at":[110],"effects":[112],"on":[113],"host\u2019s":[117],"age":[118],"infection":[120],"compete":[124],"same":[127],"host.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
