{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387705066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/22m1503099","title":"Similarity Suppresses Cyclicity: Why Similar Competitors Form Hierarchies","display_name":"Similarity Suppresses Cyclicity: Why Similar Competitors Form Hierarchies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387705066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/22m1503099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1137/22m1503099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/22m1503099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77200987","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"0036-1399","issn":["0036-1399","1095-712X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035544592","display_name":"Christopher K. Cebra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1971-5802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Cebra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036898670","display_name":"Alexander Strang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-631X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Strang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-631X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035544592"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238","https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1264,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84210202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"83","issue":"5","first_page":"2027","last_page":"2051"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transitive-relation","display_name":"Transitive relation","score":0.9404243230819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitor-analysis","display_name":"Competitor analysis","score":0.8278933763504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.6869888305664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6742067337036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothness","display_name":"Smoothness","score":0.5719988942146301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.5590326189994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5245509147644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5094864964485168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5081291198730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4549840986728668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.21395176649093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1948052942752838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.13526999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.11079123616218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.08452439308166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.08077993988990784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.06357443332672119}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191399111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64861","display_name":"Transitive relation","level":2,"score":0.9404243230819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.8278933763504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6869888305664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6742067337036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102634674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868473","display_name":"Smoothness","level":2,"score":0.5719988942146301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5590326189994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5245509147644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5094864964485168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5081291198730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4549840986728668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.21395176649093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1948052942752838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13526999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.11079123616218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.08452439308166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08077993988990784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.06357443332672119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1137/22m1503099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/22m1503099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77200987","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"0036-1399","issn":["0036-1399","1095-712X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54392637","https://openalex.org/W186943192","https://openalex.org/W345714783","https://openalex.org/W583379360","https://openalex.org/W593070600","https://openalex.org/W1415442047","https://openalex.org/W1458927723","https://openalex.org/W1519546271","https://openalex.org/W1520009452","https://openalex.org/W1551911640","https://openalex.org/W1593663592","https://openalex.org/W1675187506","https://openalex.org/W1743851993","https://openalex.org/W1822522035","https://openalex.org/W1960974220","https://openalex.org/W1964137737","https://openalex.org/W1966409365","https://openalex.org/W1967489871","https://openalex.org/W1972745202","https://openalex.org/W1974668020","https://openalex.org/W1978460556","https://openalex.org/W1980893269","https://openalex.org/W1982285343","https://openalex.org/W1983619252","https://openalex.org/W1985878007","https://openalex.org/W1986078414","https://openalex.org/W1986707602","https://openalex.org/W1988769349","https://openalex.org/W1990403548","https://openalex.org/W1993900316","https://openalex.org/W1996934732","https://openalex.org/W2000818950","https://openalex.org/W2007258999","https://openalex.org/W2014160759","https://openalex.org/W2014932765","https://openalex.org/W2016595613","https://openalex.org/W2033860043","https://openalex.org/W2036120890","https://openalex.org/W2039520398","https://openalex.org/W2043419492","https://openalex.org/W2043691077","https://openalex.org/W2045173780","https://openalex.org/W2048874865","https://openalex.org/W2049583279","https://openalex.org/W2061212083","https://openalex.org/W2068660463","https://openalex.org/W2076630747","https://openalex.org/W2077208509","https://openalex.org/W2079033018","https://openalex.org/W2081828561","https://openalex.org/W2088992723","https://openalex.org/W2090795590","https://openalex.org/W2092703236","https://openalex.org/W2097605207","https://openalex.org/W2100148727","https://openalex.org/W2110425610","https://openalex.org/W2110774389","https://openalex.org/W2125881781","https://openalex.org/W2126316555","https://openalex.org/W2126562102","https://openalex.org/W2130406232","https://openalex.org/W2131600418","https://openalex.org/W2142612324","https://openalex.org/W2143796238","https://openalex.org/W2145872067","https://openalex.org/W2154086774","https://openalex.org/W2160193046","https://openalex.org/W2163438680","https://openalex.org/W2165873574","https://openalex.org/W2167073771","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2294590917","https://openalex.org/W2330150951","https://openalex.org/W2340473383","https://openalex.org/W2594522819","https://openalex.org/W2621584258","https://openalex.org/W2798229132","https://openalex.org/W2921593239","https://openalex.org/W2952570005","https://openalex.org/W3047076447","https://openalex.org/W3083037942","https://openalex.org/W3097265057","https://openalex.org/W3097518075","https://openalex.org/W3122844310","https://openalex.org/W3122892775","https://openalex.org/W4211095127","https://openalex.org/W4231532749","https://openalex.org/W4233057952","https://openalex.org/W4237467253","https://openalex.org/W4242187988","https://openalex.org/W4254627594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312527695","https://openalex.org/W2358804928","https://openalex.org/W2361167282","https://openalex.org/W4225710828","https://openalex.org/W1998528887","https://openalex.org/W1528932152","https://openalex.org/W2091342995","https://openalex.org/W2965538880","https://openalex.org/W1601893083","https://openalex.org/W1677394555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Competitive":[0],"systems":[1,35],"can":[2],"exhibit":[3],"both":[4],"hierarchical":[5],"(transitive)":[6],"and":[7,21,87,101],"cyclic":[8,15],"(intransitive)":[9],"structures.":[10],"Despite":[11],"theoretical":[12],"interest":[13],"in":[14],"competition,":[16],"which":[17],"offers":[18],"richer":[19],"dynamics":[20],"occupies":[22],"a":[23,43],"larger":[24],"subset":[25],"of":[26,29,77,84,90],"the":[27,75,82,85,88,91,97],"scope":[28],"possible":[30],"competitive":[31,61],"systems,":[32],"most":[33],"real-world":[34],"are":[36],"predominantly":[37],"transitive.":[38],"Why?":[39],"Here,":[40],"we":[41,95],"introduce":[42],"generic":[44],"mechanism":[45],"that":[46],"promotes":[47],"transitivity,":[48],"even":[49],"when":[50],"there":[51],"is":[52],"ample":[53],"room":[54],"for":[55],"cyclicity.":[56],"We":[57,73],"demonstrate":[58],"that,":[59],"if":[60],"outcomes":[62],"depend":[63],"smoothly":[64],"on":[65],"competitor":[66],"attributes,":[67],"then":[68],"similar":[69],"competitors":[70,86],"compete":[71],"transitively.":[72],"quantify":[74],"rate":[76],"convergence":[78],"to":[79],"transitivity":[80],"given":[81],"similarity":[83],"smoothness":[89],"performance":[92],"function.":[93],"Thus,":[94],"prove":[96],"adage":[98],"regarding":[99],"apples":[100],"oranges.":[102],"Similar":[103],"objects":[104,109],"admit":[105],"well-ordered":[106],"comparisons;":[107],"diverse":[108],"may":[110],"not.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
