{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2543484873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/16m1067494","title":"Wasserstein Loss for Image Synthesis and Restoration","display_name":"Wasserstein Loss for Image Synthesis and Restoration","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2543484873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/16m1067494","mag":"2543484873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1137/16m1067494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/16m1067494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152600803","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences","issn_l":"1936-4954","issn":["1936-4954"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025740289","display_name":"Guillaume Tartavel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guillaume Tartavel","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTCI - Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (46 rue Barrault F-75634 Paris Cedex 13 - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTCI - Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (46 rue Barrault F-75634 Paris Cedex 13 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058651667","display_name":"Gabriel Peyr\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4477-0387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171048554","display_name":"Centre de Recherche en Math\u00e9matiques de la D\u00e9cision","ror":"https://ror.org/03s0gj002","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I171048554","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I4210141950","https://openalex.org/I56435720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Peyr\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOKAPLAN - M\u00e9thodes num\u00e9riques pour le probl\u00e8me de Monge-Kantorovich et Applications en sciences sociales (France)","CEREMADE - CEntre de REcherches en MAth\u00e9matiques de la DEcision (Place du Mar\u00e9chal de Lattre de Tassigny 75775 - Paris Cedex 16 - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOKAPLAN - M\u00e9thodes num\u00e9riques pour le probl\u00e8me de Monge-Kantorovich et Applications en sciences sociales (France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEREMADE - CEntre de REcherches en MAth\u00e9matiques de la DEcision (Place du Mar\u00e9chal de Lattre de Tassigny 75775 - Paris Cedex 16 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171048554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081945174","display_name":"Yann Gousseau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-0847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yann Gousseau","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTCI - Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (46 rue Barrault F-75634 Paris Cedex 13 - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTCI - Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (46 rue Barrault F-75634 Paris Cedex 13 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025740289"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89652429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"1726","last_page":"1755"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inpainting","display_name":"Inpainting","score":0.9066559672355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-synthesis","display_name":"Texture synthesis","score":0.7483320236206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.5845340490341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5375764966011047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5074600577354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.48811134696006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4666008949279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.4642769694328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4400685727596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.43932825326919556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-texture","display_name":"Image texture","score":0.4291263222694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4257129430770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.41721558570861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.41290947794914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40914127230644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.394192099571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35423213243484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1125592589378357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11727466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628157","display_name":"Inpainting","level":3,"score":0.9066559672355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50494287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658467","display_name":"Texture synthesis","level":5,"score":0.7483320236206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.5845340490341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5375764966011047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5074600577354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.48811134696006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4666008949279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.4642769694328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4400685727596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.43932825326919556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63099799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147001","display_name":"Image texture","level":4,"score":0.4291263222694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4257129430770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.41721558570861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41290947794914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40914127230644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.394192099571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35423213243484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1125592589378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1137/16m1067494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/16m1067494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152600803","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences","issn_l":"1936-4954","issn":["1936-4954"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59771946","https://openalex.org/W1500583293","https://openalex.org/W1639961155","https://openalex.org/W1775729916","https://openalex.org/W1895520453","https://openalex.org/W1967577110","https://openalex.org/W1969363322","https://openalex.org/W1979331265","https://openalex.org/W1981782146","https://openalex.org/W1986931325","https://openalex.org/W1989574703","https://openalex.org/W1998991750","https://openalex.org/W2004449346","https://openalex.org/W2008985990","https://openalex.org/W2012910518","https://openalex.org/W2019106840","https://openalex.org/W2025520295","https://openalex.org/W2040537768","https://openalex.org/W2041971124","https://openalex.org/W2041973145","https://openalex.org/W2051669046","https://openalex.org/W2052387674","https://openalex.org/W2056370875","https://openalex.org/W2058005980","https://openalex.org/W2060945009","https://openalex.org/W2078790577","https://openalex.org/W2092231222","https://openalex.org/W2097073572","https://openalex.org/W2098391435","https://openalex.org/W2100556411","https://openalex.org/W2103559027","https://openalex.org/W2103973889","https://openalex.org/W2107844156","https://openalex.org/W2109320267","https://openalex.org/W2112447569","https://openalex.org/W2113824004","https://openalex.org/W2113945798","https://openalex.org/W2115429828","https://openalex.org/W2116013899","https://openalex.org/W2117259536","https://openalex.org/W2126922884","https://openalex.org/W2127006916","https://openalex.org/W2131686571","https://openalex.org/W2132504201","https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2140207570","https://openalex.org/W2145889472","https://openalex.org/W2149498546","https://openalex.org/W2149925139","https://openalex.org/W2150920547","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151568819","https://openalex.org/W2152690055","https://openalex.org/W2155267467","https://openalex.org/W2157803030","https://openalex.org/W2158940042","https://openalex.org/W2161086299","https://openalex.org/W2161693169","https://openalex.org/W2164647001","https://openalex.org/W2165437880","https://openalex.org/W2168796889","https://openalex.org/W2232702494","https://openalex.org/W2284598795","https://openalex.org/W2320596590","https://openalex.org/W2545464558","https://openalex.org/W2550586938","https://openalex.org/W2964193438","https://openalex.org/W3141890267","https://openalex.org/W4248797359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385244905","https://openalex.org/W1554980273","https://openalex.org/W2021008485","https://openalex.org/W2352164403","https://openalex.org/W2317681159","https://openalex.org/W2771814581","https://openalex.org/W2368324430","https://openalex.org/W2616924144","https://openalex.org/W2355113740","https://openalex.org/W2030411253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,54,70],"novel":[4],"variational":[5],"approach":[6],"to":[7,19,28,45,48,84,86,96,108,125,131],"imposing":[8],"statistical":[9],"constraints":[10],"on":[11],"the":[12,58,63,67,82,91,122,134,138,151],"output":[13],"of":[14,37,69,93,161],"both":[15],"image":[16,24,41,99,123,147],"generation":[17],"(typically":[18],"perform":[20],"texture":[21,132],"synthesis)":[22],"and":[23,31,121,149,164],"restoration":[25],"(for":[26],"instance,":[27],"achieve":[29],"denoising":[30,148],"inpainting)":[32],"methods.":[33],"The":[34],"empirical":[35,139],"distributions":[36,51,80,136,140],"linear":[38,105],"or":[39],"nonlinear":[40,113],"descriptors":[42,95,103],"are":[43,137],"imposed":[44],"be":[46],"close":[47],"some":[49],"input":[50,135],"by":[52],"minimizing":[53],"Wasserstein":[55,71],"loss,":[56],"i.e.,":[57],"optimal":[59],"transport":[60],"distance":[61,72],"between":[62],"distributions.":[64,171],"We":[65,89],"advocate":[66],"use":[68,92,160],"because":[73],"it":[74],"is":[75,154],"robust":[76],"when":[77],"using":[78,168],"discrete":[79],"without":[81],"need":[83],"resort":[85],"kernel":[87],"estimators.":[88],"showcase":[90],"different":[94],"tackle":[97],"various":[98],"processing":[100],"applications.":[101],"These":[102],"include":[104],"wavelet-based":[106],"filtering":[107],"account":[109],"for":[110,117],"simple":[111],"textures,":[112],"sparse":[114],"coding":[115],"coefficients":[116],"more":[118,155],"complicated":[119],"patterns,":[120],"gradient":[124],"restore":[126],"sharper":[127],"contents.":[128],"For":[129,146],"applications":[130],"synthesis,":[133],"computed":[141],"from":[142],"an":[143],"exemplar":[144],"image.":[145],"inpainting,":[150],"estimation":[152],"process":[153],"difficult;":[156],"we":[157,165],"propose":[158],"making":[159],"parametric":[162],"models,":[163],"show":[166],"results":[167],"generalized":[169],"Gaussian":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-08T08:50:53.379069","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
