{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095143253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/140977035","title":"Measuring the Noise of Digital Imaging Sensors by Stacking Raw Images Affected by Vibrations and Illumination Flickering","display_name":"Measuring the Noise of Digital Imaging Sensors by Stacking Raw Images Affected by Vibrations and Illumination Flickering","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095143253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/140977035","mag":"2095143253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1137/140977035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/140977035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152600803","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences","issn_l":"1936-4954","issn":["1936-4954"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01133358","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089126392","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Sur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-3849"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Sur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Augmentation of Complex Environments"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Augmentation of Complex Environments","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071560075","display_name":"Michel Gr\u00e9diac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6814-1438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169645620","display_name":"Institut Pascal","ror":"https://ror.org/03vgfxd91","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I169645620","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4210095849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198244214","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ajp46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152705","display_name":"Universidad Blas Pascal","ror":"https://ror.org/04z80e107","country_code":"AR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152705"]}],"countries":["AR","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Gr\u00e9diac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Pascal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Pascal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152705","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I169645620"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089126392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.2814,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98959664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"611","last_page":"643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flicker","display_name":"Flicker","score":0.6214558482170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6201850175857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5958611965179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5880308747291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.527775764465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5110028982162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot-noise","display_name":"Shot noise","score":0.49049752950668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-noise","display_name":"Image noise","score":0.4858498275279999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.4590100646018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shutter","display_name":"Shutter","score":0.4482918381690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.41699647903442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.40775662660598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31170323491096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2634533643722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2067476212978363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.11770176887512207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19743564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25378119","display_name":"Flicker","level":2,"score":0.6214558482170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6201850175857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5958611965179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5880308747291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.527775764465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5110028982162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72659945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503574","display_name":"Shot noise","level":3,"score":0.49049752950668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35772409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323086","display_name":"Image noise","level":3,"score":0.4858498275279999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.4590100646018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776871301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691823","display_name":"Shutter","level":2,"score":0.4482918381690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.41699647903442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.40775662660598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31170323491096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2634533643722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2067476212978363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.11770176887512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1137/140977035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/140977035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152600803","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences","issn_l":"1936-4954","issn":["1936-4954"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01133358v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01133358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/140977035","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01133358v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01133358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/140977035","raw_type":"Journal articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576406219","https://openalex.org/W1945596053","https://openalex.org/W1964346569","https://openalex.org/W1968605293","https://openalex.org/W1973149830","https://openalex.org/W1980032585","https://openalex.org/W1982959683","https://openalex.org/W1997585878","https://openalex.org/W1998419211","https://openalex.org/W1999382099","https://openalex.org/W2006221457","https://openalex.org/W2007866395","https://openalex.org/W2018612061","https://openalex.org/W2021262032","https://openalex.org/W2022503816","https://openalex.org/W2028224946","https://openalex.org/W2031598655","https://openalex.org/W2037252428","https://openalex.org/W2041765521","https://openalex.org/W2042328889","https://openalex.org/W2043220014","https://openalex.org/W2052197092","https://openalex.org/W2052452674","https://openalex.org/W2068902206","https://openalex.org/W2072396773","https://openalex.org/W2080742027","https://openalex.org/W2100344520","https://openalex.org/W2100846049","https://openalex.org/W2111291082","https://openalex.org/W2127024007","https://openalex.org/W2136035751","https://openalex.org/W2136396015","https://openalex.org/W2136961432","https://openalex.org/W2151114449","https://openalex.org/W2154017467","https://openalex.org/W2159736423","https://openalex.org/W2163446914","https://openalex.org/W2169005439","https://openalex.org/W2324909035","https://openalex.org/W2905296953","https://openalex.org/W4234397156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285047768","https://openalex.org/W2809928876","https://openalex.org/W2384422880","https://openalex.org/W2589306883","https://openalex.org/W2063529668","https://openalex.org/W2202629266","https://openalex.org/W1507919395","https://openalex.org/W2773343101","https://openalex.org/W2357032018","https://openalex.org/W2611369832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,83],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"camera":[3,22],"noise":[4,30,104],"estimation":[5],"from":[6,31],"a":[7,66,89,110,171,185,206],"series":[8],"of":[9,12,36,69,75,79,147,217],"raw":[10],"images":[11],"an":[13,117,181,202],"arbitrary":[14],"natural":[15,27],"static":[16],"scene,":[17],"acquired":[18],"with":[19,164,180],"the":[20,32,56,61,73,99,123,130,132,135,145,165,218],"same":[21],"settings.":[23],"Although":[24],"it":[25,39,210],"seems":[26],"to":[28,109,121,193,214],"characterize":[29],"random":[33],"time":[34],"fluctuation":[35],"pixel":[37],"intensity,":[38],"turns":[40],"out":[41],"that":[42,95,157,195],"these":[43,115],"fluctuations":[44],"may":[45],"also":[46,153],"be":[47],"caused":[48],"by":[49],"illumination":[50,76,96],"flickering":[51,77,97],"and":[52,78,106,134,175,179],"mechanical":[53],"microvibrations":[54],"affecting":[55],"camera.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59,158],"context,":[60],"contributions":[62],"are":[63],"twofold.":[64],"First,":[65],"theoretical":[67],"model":[68,85],"image":[70],"formation":[71],"in":[72],"presence":[74],"vibrations":[80],"is":[81,86,93,119,152,192,198],"discussed.":[82],"parametric":[84],"based":[87,183],"on":[88,184],"Cox":[90],"process.":[91],"It":[92],"shown":[94],"changes":[98],"standard":[100],"affine":[101],"relation":[102],"between":[103],"variance":[105],"average":[107],"intensity":[108],"quadratic":[111],"relation.":[112],"Second,":[113],"under":[114],"conditions":[116],"algorithm":[118,182],"proposed":[120],"estimate":[122,215],"main":[124,189],"parameters":[125],"governing":[126],"sensor":[127,219],"noise,":[128],"namely":[129],"gain,":[131],"offset,":[133],"readout":[136],"noise.":[137],"The":[138,188],"rolling":[139],"shutter":[140,150],"effect,":[141],"which":[142,169,197],"potentially":[143],"affects":[144],"output":[146],"any":[148,216],"focal-plane":[149],"camera,":[151],"considered.":[154],"Experiments":[155],"show":[156,194],"simple":[159],"method":[160],"gives":[161],"results":[162],"consistent":[163],"photon":[166],"transfer":[167],"method,":[168],"needs":[170],"special":[172],"experimental":[173],"setting":[174],"several":[176],"data":[177],"acquisitions,":[178],"single":[186],"image.":[187],"practical":[190],"result":[191],"flickering,":[196],"generally":[199],"considered":[200],"as":[201],"artifact,":[203],"here":[204],"plays":[205],"positive":[207],"role":[208],"since":[209],"finally":[211],"enables":[212],"us":[213],"parameters.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}