{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162717286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/120875193","title":"How to Garble Arithmetic Circuits","display_name":"How to Garble Arithmetic Circuits","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162717286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/120875193","mag":"2162717286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1137/120875193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/120875193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153560523","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","issn_l":"0097-5397","issn":["0097-5397","1095-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086684679","display_name":"Benny Applebaum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-369X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benny Applebaum","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081852077","display_name":"Yuval Ishai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4096-6305"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuval Ishai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036104549","display_name":"Eyal Kushilevitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9277-3863"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eyal Kushilevitz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086684679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92523877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"2","first_page":"905","last_page":"929"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.6056423187255859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.6008437871932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.5799364447593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affine-transformation","display_name":"Affine transformation","score":0.5451667904853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5419233441352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.532720685005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-function","display_name":"Boolean function","score":0.5152966976165771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-circuit","display_name":"Boolean circuit","score":0.5094104409217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.46826913952827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.45956045389175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3050802946090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26775017380714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.13706940412521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.07382118701934814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.6056423187255859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6008437871932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.5799364447593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.5451667904853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5419233441352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.532720685005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187455244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942353","display_name":"Boolean function","level":2,"score":0.5152966976165771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141796577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837479","display_name":"Boolean circuit","level":3,"score":0.5094104409217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.46826913952827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.45956045389175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3050802946090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26775017380714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.13706940412521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07382118701934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1137/120875193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/120875193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153560523","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","issn_l":"0097-5397","issn":["0097-5397","1095-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.400.5304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.400.5304","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/255.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.716.4697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.716.4697","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/%7Ebennyap/pubs/AGC.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.995.1369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.995.1369","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://eccc.hpi-web.de/report/2012/058/revision/1/download/","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G376729950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1155/11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7315415636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8435639173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1361/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984459117","https://openalex.org/W2015880590","https://openalex.org/W2106217851","https://openalex.org/W2138532540","https://openalex.org/W2164284862"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150974517","https://openalex.org/W2611822924","https://openalex.org/W2486254595","https://openalex.org/W2728195892","https://openalex.org/W3204916073","https://openalex.org/W2055594799","https://openalex.org/W2031906996","https://openalex.org/W2062972911","https://openalex.org/W2009341260","https://openalex.org/W2952185983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Yao's":[0,75],"garbled":[1,48,98],"circuit":[2,7,49,83,99],"construction":[3,50,79,132],"transforms":[4,80],"a":[5,10,52,90,97],"boolean":[6],"$C:\\{0,1\\}^n\\to\\{0,1\\}^m$":[8],"into":[9,96],"\u201cgarbled":[11],"circuit\u201d":[12],"$\\hat{C}$":[13,28,100,112],"along":[14,101],"with":[15,30,102,114,140],"$n$":[16,32,103,116],"pairs":[17],"of":[18,74,130,137],"$k$-bit":[19],"keys,":[20],"one":[21],"for":[22,55],"each":[23],"input":[24,37],"bit,":[25],"such":[26,110],"that":[27,111],"together":[29,113],"the":[31,115,135,138],"keys":[33],"corresponding":[34],"to":[35],"an":[36,70,81],"$x$":[38],"reveal":[39,120],"$C(x)$":[40,121],"and":[41,59,122],"no":[42,123],"additional":[43,124],"information":[44,125],"about":[45,126],"$x$.":[46,127],"The":[47,128],"is":[51],"central":[53],"tool":[54],"constant-round":[56],"secure":[57],"computation":[58],"has":[60],"several":[61],"other":[62],"applications.":[63],"Motivated":[64],"by":[65],"these":[66],"applications,":[67],"we":[68],"suggest":[69],"efficient":[71],"arithmetic":[72,82],"variant":[73],"original":[76],"construction.":[77],"Our":[78],"$C":[84],":":[85,107],"\\mathbb{Z}^n\\to\\mathbb{Z}^m$":[86],"over":[87],"integers":[88],"from":[89],"bounded":[91],"(but":[92],"possibly":[93],"exponential)":[94],"range":[95],"affine":[104],"functions":[105],"$L_i":[106],"\\mathbb{Z}\\to":[108],"\\mathbb{Z}^k$":[109],"integer":[117],"vectors":[118],"$L_i(x_i)$":[119],"security":[129],"our":[131],"relies":[133],"on":[134],"intractability":[136],"learning":[139],"errors":[141],"problem.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}