{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984074081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/070708093","title":"The CSP Dichotomy Holds for Digraphs with No Sources and No Sinks (A Positive Answer to a Conjecture of Bang-Jensen and Hell)","display_name":"The CSP Dichotomy Holds for Digraphs with No Sources and No Sinks (A Positive Answer to a Conjecture of Bang-Jensen and Hell)","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984074081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/070708093","mag":"1984074081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1137/070708093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/070708093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153560523","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","issn_l":"0097-5397","issn":["0097-5397","1095-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/147400","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071004419","display_name":"Libor Barto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8481-6458"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Libor Barto","raw_affiliation_strings":["barto@karlin.mff.cuni.cz and niven@karlin.mff.cuni.cz#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"barto@karlin.mff.cuni.cz and niven@karlin.mff.cuni.cz#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045956843","display_name":"Marcin Kozik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1839-4824"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Kozik","raw_affiliation_strings":["marcin.kozik@tcs.uj.edu.pl#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"marcin.kozik@tcs.uj.edu.pl#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089784010","display_name":"Todd Niven","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Niven","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.4397,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":166,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99306,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":"1782","last_page":"1802"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11329","display_name":"Limits and Structures in Graph Theory","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2607","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjecture","display_name":"Conjecture","score":0.8918988108634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphism","display_name":"Homomorphism","score":0.8367353677749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digraph","display_name":"Digraph","score":0.7086888551712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.6888070106506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6458871960639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-satisfaction-problem","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction problem","score":0.5553622245788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-number","display_name":"Algebraic number","score":0.4873295724391937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4404090940952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.43348559737205505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780990831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319141","display_name":"Conjecture","level":2,"score":0.8918988108634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4042151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215111","display_name":"Homomorphism","level":2,"score":0.8367353677749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779145032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191494","display_name":"Digraph","level":2,"score":0.7086888551712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.6888070106506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6458871960639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199622910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128326","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction problem","level":3,"score":0.5553622245788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9376300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168817","display_name":"Algebraic number","level":2,"score":0.4873295724391937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4404090940952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.43348559737205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1137/070708093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/070708093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153560523","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","issn_l":"0097-5397","issn":["0097-5397","1095-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.101.4800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.101.4800","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.tcs.uj.edu.pl/~kozik/mymath/CSPSmooth.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.212.3234","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.212.3234","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~barto/Articles/CSPSmooth.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/147400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/147400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401249","display_name":"Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","host_organization_name":"Jagiellonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/147400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/147400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401249","display_name":"Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","host_organization_name":"Jagiellonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591139221","https://openalex.org/W1491282662","https://openalex.org/W1516265808","https://openalex.org/W1524176804","https://openalex.org/W1549026077","https://openalex.org/W1811185933","https://openalex.org/W1825515612","https://openalex.org/W1969223164","https://openalex.org/W1970461133","https://openalex.org/W1979573322","https://openalex.org/W1984264511","https://openalex.org/W1988961015","https://openalex.org/W1997649256","https://openalex.org/W2007582202","https://openalex.org/W2011858932","https://openalex.org/W2013880061","https://openalex.org/W2018798767","https://openalex.org/W2021465457","https://openalex.org/W2023648368","https://openalex.org/W2025509872","https://openalex.org/W2026753685","https://openalex.org/W2028815583","https://openalex.org/W2035318784","https://openalex.org/W2042426573","https://openalex.org/W2052903450","https://openalex.org/W2065988537","https://openalex.org/W2077575555","https://openalex.org/W2086916741","https://openalex.org/W2093604626","https://openalex.org/W2116407296","https://openalex.org/W2119456262","https://openalex.org/W2135432705","https://openalex.org/W2143684958","https://openalex.org/W2150339067","https://openalex.org/W2152182443","https://openalex.org/W2155002729","https://openalex.org/W2156285174","https://openalex.org/W2168290833","https://openalex.org/W3103768650","https://openalex.org/W4254097793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082102970","https://openalex.org/W1965993741","https://openalex.org/W3119737209","https://openalex.org/W3168985592","https://openalex.org/W1973041905","https://openalex.org/W4287127941","https://openalex.org/W3126958331","https://openalex.org/W2800380200","https://openalex.org/W3098032020","https://openalex.org/W1201946073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bang-Jensen":[0],"and":[1,46,66,97],"Hell":[2],"conjectured":[3,93],"in":[4,99],"1990":[5],"(using":[6],"the":[7,29,78,90],"language":[8],"of":[9,40,63],"graph":[10],"homomorphisms)":[11],"a":[12,33,44,59,61],"constraint":[13],"satisfaction":[14],"problem":[15],"(CSP)":[16],"dichotomy":[17,80],"for":[18,31,81],"digraphs":[19,82],"with":[20,83,89],"no":[21,84],"sources":[22,85],"or":[23,86],"sinks.":[24],"The":[25],"conjecture":[26,56,62],"states":[27],"that":[28,77],"CSP":[30,79],"such":[32],"digraph":[34],"is":[35,43,47],"tractable":[36],"if":[37],"each":[38],"component":[39],"its":[41],"core":[42],"cycle":[45],"$NP$-complete":[48],"otherwise.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51,55],"paper":[52],"we":[53,75],"prove":[54],"and,":[57],"as":[58],"consequence,":[60],"Bang-Jensen,":[64],"Hell,":[65],"MacGillivray":[67],"from":[68],"1995":[69],"classifying":[70],"hereditarily":[71],"hard":[72],"digraphs.":[73],"Further,":[74],"show":[76],"sinks":[87],"agrees":[88],"algebraic":[91],"characterization":[92],"by":[94],"Bulatov,":[95],"Jeavons,":[96],"Krokhin":[98],"2005.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}