{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086316704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/0212042","title":"Optimizing Conjunctive Queries that Contain Untyped Variables","display_name":"Optimizing Conjunctive Queries that Contain Untyped Variables","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086316704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1137/0212042","mag":"2086316704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1137/0212042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/0212042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153560523","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","issn_l":"0097-5397","issn":["0097-5397","1095-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/1793/58372/1/TR467.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014391544","display_name":"D. S. Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. S. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002931566","display_name":"Anthony C. Klug","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Klug","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3697,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95023127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"616","last_page":"640"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjunctive-query","display_name":"Conjunctive query","score":0.7413014769554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transitive-relation","display_name":"Transitive relation","score":0.6185441613197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-isomorphism","display_name":"Graph isomorphism","score":0.6180494427680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.573554277420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5354535579681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5222440361976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.46570971608161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isomorphism","display_name":"Isomorphism (crystallography)","score":0.4510776102542877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence-relation","display_name":"Equivalence relation","score":0.4498242735862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.43390628695487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transitive-closure","display_name":"Transitive closure","score":0.42768242955207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-database","display_name":"Relational database","score":0.42745834589004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4253404140472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.3234366774559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.15505710244178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-graph","display_name":"Line graph","score":0.13017642498016357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65647387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781706","display_name":"Conjunctive query","level":3,"score":0.7413014769554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191399111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64861","display_name":"Transitive relation","level":2,"score":0.6185441613197327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61665672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303100","display_name":"Graph isomorphism","level":4,"score":0.6180494427680969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.573554277420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5354535579681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5222440361976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46570971608161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203436722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902950","display_name":"Isomorphism (crystallography)","level":3,"score":0.4510776102542877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156103551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130998","display_name":"Equivalence relation","level":2,"score":0.4498242735862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.43390628695487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128896722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501387","display_name":"Transitive closure","level":2,"score":0.42768242955207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.42745834589004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4253404140472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3234366774559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.15505710244178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203776342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378376","display_name":"Line graph","level":3,"score":0.13017642498016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115624301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901","display_name":"Crystal structure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1137/0212042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/0212042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153560523","display_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","issn_l":"0097-5397","issn":["0097-5397","1095-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320508","host_organization_name":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SIAM Journal on Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:minds.wisconsin.edu:1793/58372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/58372","pdf_url":"https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/1793/58372/1/TR467.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401622","display_name":"Minds at UW (University of Wisconsin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Technical Report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:minds.wisconsin.edu:1793/58372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/58372","pdf_url":"https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/1793/58372/1/TR467.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401622","display_name":"Minds at UW (University of Wisconsin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Technical Report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2086316704.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967992696","https://openalex.org/W1975714036","https://openalex.org/W2056660085","https://openalex.org/W2185907055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1258892498","https://openalex.org/W1522618089","https://openalex.org/W2905073546","https://openalex.org/W4360838296","https://openalex.org/W2187958446","https://openalex.org/W3080158623","https://openalex.org/W2389075355","https://openalex.org/W1856194915","https://openalex.org/W2183579781","https://openalex.org/W2041670454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"questions":[3,54,60],"of":[4,19,38,58,92,113,124],"efficiency":[5],"in":[6,73,99],"relational":[7],"databases.":[8],"We":[9],"present":[10],"polynomial":[11],"time":[12],"algorithms":[13,96],"for":[14],"minimizing":[15],"and":[16,34,83,101],"testing":[17],"equivalence":[18,103],"what":[20],"we":[21],"call":[22],"\u201cfan-out":[23],"free\u201d":[24],"queries.":[25],"The":[26],"fan-out":[27],"free":[28],"queries":[29,41],"form":[30],"a":[31,93,110,122],"more":[32,35],"general":[33],"powerful":[36],"subclass":[37],"the":[39,70,102,114],"conjunctive":[40],"than":[42],"those":[43],"previously":[44],"studied.":[45],"In":[46],"particular,":[47],"they":[48],"can":[49,85,105],"be":[50,106],"used":[51],"to":[52,64,88,121],"express":[53,65],"about":[55],"transitive":[56],"properties":[57],"databases,":[59],"that":[61,76],"are":[62,97],"impossible":[63],"if":[66],"one":[67,89],"operates":[68],"under":[69],"assumption,":[71],"implicit":[72],"previous":[74],"work,":[75],"each":[77],"variable":[78],"has":[79],"an":[80],"assigned":[81],"\u201ctype,\u201d":[82],"hence":[84],"only":[86],"refer":[87],"fixed":[90],"attribute":[91],"relation.":[94],"Our":[95],"graph-theoretic":[98],"nature,":[100],"algorithm":[104],"viewed":[107],"as":[108],"solving":[109],"special":[111],"case":[112],"graph":[115],"isomorphism":[116,127],"problem":[117],"(by":[118],"reducing":[119],"it":[120],"series":[123],"labelled":[125],"forest":[126],"questions).":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}