{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135240301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2000.0070066","title":"Representing the UMLS as an Object-oriented Database: Modeling Issues and Advantages","display_name":"Representing the UMLS as an Object-oriented Database: Modeling Issues and Advantages","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135240301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2000.0070066","mag":"2135240301","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10641964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.2000.0070066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2000.0070066","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/7/1/66/2012536/7-1-66.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/7/1/66/2012536/7-1-66.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096923870","display_name":"G. Huanying","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47449453","display_name":"Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzzqn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Huanying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG); New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL); Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH); Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG)","New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL)","Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG); New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL); Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH); Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073536525","display_name":"Perl Yehoshua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47449453","display_name":"Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzzqn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Yehoshua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG); New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL); Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH); Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG)","Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH)","New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL)","Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG); New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL); Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH); Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028919793","display_name":"Gareth James","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-5906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47449453","display_name":"Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzzqn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. James","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG); New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL); Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH); Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH)","New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL)","Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG); New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL); Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH); Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108079911","display_name":"H. Michael","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47449453","display_name":"Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzzqn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG); New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL); Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH); Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL)","Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH)","Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG); New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL); Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH); Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L. Li-min","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47449453","display_name":"Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzzqn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Li-min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG); New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL); Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH); Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG)","Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH)","New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL)","Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG); New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL); Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH); Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089323808","display_name":"C. James J.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47449453","display_name":"Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzzqn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. James J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG); New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL); Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH); Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH)","Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG)","New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG); New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL); Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH); Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, New York (JJC)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kean University, Union, New Jersey (MH)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: University of Medicine and Dentristry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey (HG)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark (YP, JG, L-mL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5096923870"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575","https://openalex.org/I47449453","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5761,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89921592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"66","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.8517000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.8517000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.05779999867081642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-medical-language-system","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","score":0.9801644086837769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8348640203475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.590846061706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.5811312794685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5474997758865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5267459750175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-network","display_name":"Semantic network","score":0.48327046632766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.4707019329071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-vocabulary","display_name":"Controlled vocabulary","score":0.4626648426055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4383505582809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1755335032939911}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69505689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455338","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","level":2,"score":0.9801644086837769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8348640203475952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.590846061706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5811312794685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5474997758865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5267459750175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85407183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045785","display_name":"Semantic network","level":2,"score":0.48327046632766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4707019329071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110615152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469824","display_name":"Controlled vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.4626648426055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4383505582809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1755335032939911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018875","descriptor_name":"Vocabulary, Controlled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019992","descriptor_name":"Databases as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019992","descriptor_name":"Databases as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019992","descriptor_name":"Databases as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.2000.0070066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2000.0070066","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/7/1/66/2012536/7-1-66.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10641964","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10641964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:164229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC61456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:61456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/61456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.2000.0070066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2000.0070066","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/7/1/66/2012536/7-1-66.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314788","display_name":"Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2135240301.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11100323","https://openalex.org/W90126425","https://openalex.org/W101651648","https://openalex.org/W138612281","https://openalex.org/W157320947","https://openalex.org/W1500388473","https://openalex.org/W1518399097","https://openalex.org/W1531420196","https://openalex.org/W1579458125","https://openalex.org/W1591949699","https://openalex.org/W1596282532","https://openalex.org/W1604730643","https://openalex.org/W1898025374","https://openalex.org/W1989811317","https://openalex.org/W2056561883","https://openalex.org/W2074138033","https://openalex.org/W2140205652","https://openalex.org/W2162311237","https://openalex.org/W2171826668","https://openalex.org/W2270018644","https://openalex.org/W2604748391","https://openalex.org/W4254165724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2509297716","https://openalex.org/W1508778694","https://openalex.org/W138082899","https://openalex.org/W2114373757","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2036729745","https://openalex.org/W2010487328","https://openalex.org/W2157272674","https://openalex.org/W849986476","https://openalex.org/W4387220031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,50,90,123,151,170,182,194],"Unified":[2],"Medical":[3],"Language":[4],"System":[5],"(UMLS)":[6],"combines":[7],"many":[8],"well-established":[9],"authoritative":[10],"medical":[11],"informatics":[12],"terminologies":[13],"in":[14,148,215],"one":[15],"knowledge":[16],"representation":[17,54,70],"system.":[18,89],"Such":[19],"a":[20,53,87],"resource":[21],"is":[22,35,71,156,172],"very":[23,36],"valuable":[24],"to":[25,55,73,107],"the":[26,33,57,63,75,80,84,94,118,129,149,162,185,191,199,205,216],"health":[27],"care":[28],"community":[29],"and":[30,38,40,47,60,83,143,158,188,202,211],"industry.":[31],"However,":[32],"UMLS":[34,153,195],"large":[37],"complex":[39],"poses":[41],"serious":[42],"comprehension":[43,59,187,201],"problems":[44,214],"for":[45],"users":[46],"maintenance":[48],"personnel.":[49],"authors":[51,124],"present":[52],"support":[56],"user's":[58,186,200],"navigation":[61,189,203],"of":[62,79,93,110,127,135,139,146,180,190,204],"UMLS.":[64,150,217],"DESIGN:":[65],"An":[66],"object-oriented":[67],"database":[68],"(OODB)":[69],"used":[72],"represent":[74],"two":[76],"major":[77],"components":[78],"UMLS-the":[81],"Metathesaurus":[82,171],"Semantic":[85,95,163],"Network-as":[86],"unified":[88],"semantic":[91,100,112,119,140],"types":[92],"Network":[96],"are":[97,105,115,168],"modeled":[98],"as":[99],"type":[101,120,141],"classes.":[102,121],"Intersection":[103],"classes":[104,131,167],"defined":[106],"model":[108],"concepts":[109,147],"multiple":[111],"types,":[113],"which":[114],"removed":[116],"from":[117],"RESULTS:":[122],"provide":[125],"examples":[126],"how":[128],"intersection":[130,166],"help":[132],"expose":[133,210],"omissions":[134],"concepts,":[136],"highlight":[137],"errors":[138],"classification,":[142],"uncover":[144],"ambiguities":[145],"resulting":[152],"OODB":[154,196],"schema":[155,183,197],"deeper":[157],"more":[159,175],"refined":[160],"than":[161],"Network,":[164],"since":[165],"introduced.":[169],"classified":[173],"into":[174],"mutually":[176],"exclusive,":[177],"uniform":[178],"sets":[179],"concepts.":[181],"improves":[184],"Metathesaurus.":[192,206],"CONCLUSIONS:":[193],"supports":[198],"It":[207],"also":[208],"helps":[209],"resolve":[212],"modeling":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}