{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131420674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1999.0060151","title":"Units of Measure in Clinical Information Systems","display_name":"Units of Measure in Clinical Information Systems","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131420674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1999.0060151","mag":"2131420674","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10094068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.1999.0060151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1999.0060151","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/6/2/151/2309532/6-2-151.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/6/2/151/2309532/6-2-151.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073927407","display_name":"Gunther Schadow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324682000","display_name":"Regenstrief Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05f2ywb48","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Schadow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University, Indianapolis 46202-2859, USA. schadow_g@regenstrief.iupui.edu","Benjamin Franklin University Hospital (UF) and Freie Universit\u00e4t (UF, TT), Berlin, Germany","Affiliations of the authors: Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (GS, CJM, JGS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University, Indianapolis 46202-2859, USA. schadow_g@regenstrief.iupui.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Benjamin Franklin University Hospital (UF) and Freie Universit\u00e4t (UF, TT), Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (GS, CJM, JGS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073704537","display_name":"Clement J. McDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0514-9539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324682000","display_name":"Regenstrief Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05f2ywb48","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. J. McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliations of the authors: Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (GS, CJM, JGS)","Benjamin Franklin University Hospital (UF) and Freie Universit\u00e4t (UF, TT), Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (GS, CJM, JGS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Benjamin Franklin University Hospital (UF) and Freie Universit\u00e4t (UF, TT), Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071737545","display_name":"Jeffrey G. Suico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1353-9043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324682000","display_name":"Regenstrief Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05f2ywb48","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. G. Suico","raw_affiliation_strings":["Benjamin Franklin University Hospital (UF) and Freie Universit\u00e4t (UF, TT), Berlin, Germany","Affiliations of the authors: Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (GS, CJM, JGS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Benjamin Franklin University Hospital (UF) and Freie Universit\u00e4t (UF, TT), Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (GS, CJM, JGS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110426503","display_name":"U. F\u00f6hring","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324682000","display_name":"Regenstrief Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05f2ywb48","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Fohring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Benjamin Franklin University Hospital (UF) and Freie Universit\u00e4t (UF, TT), Berlin, Germany","Affiliations of the authors: Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (GS, CJM, JGS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Benjamin Franklin University Hospital (UF) and Freie Universit\u00e4t (UF, TT), Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (GS, CJM, JGS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021975616","display_name":"Thomas Tolxdorff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-8157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324682000","display_name":"Regenstrief Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05f2ywb48","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Tolxdorff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Benjamin Franklin University Hospital (UF) and Freie Universit\u00e4t (UF, TT), Berlin, Germany","Affiliations of the authors: Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (GS, CJM, JGS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Benjamin Franklin University Hospital (UF) and Freie Universit\u00e4t (UF, TT), Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Regenstrief Institute for Health Care and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (GS, CJM, JGS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073927407"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000","https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I75951250"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83690852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"151","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.8974000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.8974000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.8495000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8244760036468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/table","display_name":"Table (database)","score":0.7228844165802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.6640959978103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.647364616394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6294089555740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4969504177570343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.4530976116657257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.41596606373786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.36719846725463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.36272647976875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.35708484053611755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8244760036468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.7228844165802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6640959978103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.647364616394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6294089555740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4969504177570343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.4530976116657257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41596606373786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.36719846725463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36272647976875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.35708484053611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D008432","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008432","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008432","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011381","descriptor_name":"Programming Languages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011381","descriptor_name":"Programming Languages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011381","descriptor_name":"Programming Languages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014894","descriptor_name":"Weights and Measures","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014894","descriptor_name":"Weights and Measures","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014894","descriptor_name":"Weights and Measures","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.1999.0060151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1999.0060151","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/6/2/151/2309532/6-2-151.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10094068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10094068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:61354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:61354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/61354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.1999.0060151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1999.0060151","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/6/2/151/2309532/6-2-151.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W92978306","https://openalex.org/W126362881","https://openalex.org/W1034430720","https://openalex.org/W1509703237","https://openalex.org/W1584585813","https://openalex.org/W1617309848","https://openalex.org/W1654229433","https://openalex.org/W2006653893","https://openalex.org/W2012797101","https://openalex.org/W2074806925","https://openalex.org/W2122087674","https://openalex.org/W2137079713","https://openalex.org/W2332020629","https://openalex.org/W2333187274","https://openalex.org/W2479037362","https://openalex.org/W2523440281","https://openalex.org/W2730232141","https://openalex.org/W3119032340","https://openalex.org/W4238792534","https://openalex.org/W4250957763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W2749690376","https://openalex.org/W2387011115","https://openalex.org/W4281673905","https://openalex.org/W2786317006","https://openalex.org/W4367724653","https://openalex.org/W2948670949","https://openalex.org/W4288047943","https://openalex.org/W2788563018","https://openalex.org/W3042948800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,134],"authors":[1,32,103,135],"surveyed":[2],"existing":[3,114],"standard":[4],"codes":[5],"for":[6,37,64,117,122,140],"units":[7,38,48,67,141],"of":[8,29,99,108],"measures,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,55,57],"ISO":[12],"2955,":[13],"ANSI":[14],"X3.50,":[15],"and":[16,49,66,125,147],"Health":[17],"Level":[18],"7's":[19],"ISO+.":[20],"Because":[21],"these":[22],"standards":[23,116],"specify":[24],"only":[25],"the":[26,31,97,100,102],"character":[27],"representation":[28],"units,":[30,118],"developed":[33,137],"a":[34,138],"semantic":[35],"model":[36],"based":[39],"on":[40],"dimensional":[41],"analysis.":[42],"Through":[43],"this":[44,109],"model,":[45],"conversion":[46,76],"between":[47],"calculations":[50],"with":[51,59],"dimensioned":[52],"quantities":[53],"become":[54],"simple":[56,85],"calculating":[58],"numbers.":[60],"All":[61,113],"atomic":[62],"symbols":[63],"prefixes":[65],"are":[68,78,120],"defined":[69],"in":[70,91,111],"one":[71],"small":[72],"table.":[73],"Huge":[74],"permutated":[75],"tables":[77],"not":[79],"required.":[80],"This":[81],"method":[82,101,110],"is":[83,143],"also":[84],"enough":[86],"to":[87,129],"be":[88],"widely":[89],"implementable":[90],"today's":[92],"information":[93],"systems.":[94],"To":[95],"promote":[96],"application":[98],"provide":[104],"an":[105],"open-source":[106],"implementation":[107],"JAVA.":[112],"code":[115,139],"however,":[119],"incomplete":[121],"practical":[123],"use":[124],"require":[126],"substantial":[127],"changes":[128],"correct":[130],"their":[131],"many":[132],"ambiguities.":[133,150],"therefore":[136],"that":[142],"much":[144],"more":[145],"complete":[146],"free":[148],"from":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}