{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097601626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1998.0050511","title":"Data Extraction and Ad Hoc Query of an Entity--Attribute--Value Database","display_name":"Data Extraction and Ad Hoc Query of an Entity--Attribute--Value Database","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097601626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1998.0050511","mag":"2097601626","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9824799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.1998.0050511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1998.0050511","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/5/6/511/2081759/5-6-511.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/5/6/511/2081759/5-6-511.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047912463","display_name":"P. Nadkarni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5482-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. M. Nadkarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. prakash.nadkarni@yale.edu","Affiliation of the authors: Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. prakash.nadkarni@yale.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliation of the authors: Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038171056","display_name":"Cynthia Brandt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8179-1796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Brandt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliation of the authors: Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliation of the authors: Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047912463"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2002,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79173064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"6","first_page":"511","last_page":"527"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8369194865226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6943538784980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"Query optimization","score":0.5949116945266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/view","display_name":"View","score":0.576286792755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.555929958820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-expansion","display_name":"Query expansion","score":0.5213385820388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.5210527777671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.47148486971855164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4443745017051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.415849506855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sargable","display_name":"Sargable","score":0.41372671723365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37934044003486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-design","display_name":"Database design","score":0.1915576457977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.1859174370765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1587679088115692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8369194865226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6943538784980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157692150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919848","display_name":"Query optimization","level":2,"score":0.5949116945266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54239708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329910","display_name":"View","level":3,"score":0.576286792755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.555929958820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.5213385820388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.5210527777671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.47148486971855164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4443745017051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.415849506855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192939062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104840822","display_name":"Sargable","level":4,"score":0.41372671723365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37934044003486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148840519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049878","display_name":"Database design","level":2,"score":0.1915576457977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.1859174370765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1587679088115692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003628","descriptor_name":"Database Management Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016347","descriptor_name":"Medical Records Systems, Computerized","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016347","descriptor_name":"Medical Records Systems, Computerized","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016347","descriptor_name":"Medical Records Systems, Computerized","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.1998.0050511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1998.0050511","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/5/6/511/2081759/5-6-511.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9824799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9824799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:61332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/61332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.1998.0050511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1998.0050511","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/5/6/511/2081759/5-6-511.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308380","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312423","display_name":"Yale Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j7sze86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2097601626.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2097601626.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116577868","https://openalex.org/W182552746","https://openalex.org/W745025736","https://openalex.org/W1491178396","https://openalex.org/W1495046469","https://openalex.org/W1499274542","https://openalex.org/W1505413869","https://openalex.org/W1518399097","https://openalex.org/W1554917839","https://openalex.org/W1565010410","https://openalex.org/W1659855783","https://openalex.org/W1987681845","https://openalex.org/W2002970802","https://openalex.org/W2033177034","https://openalex.org/W2060449205","https://openalex.org/W2152480209","https://openalex.org/W2162311237","https://openalex.org/W2162621793","https://openalex.org/W2169480034","https://openalex.org/W2246616378","https://openalex.org/W2913135390","https://openalex.org/W4238391351"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096359267","https://openalex.org/W2572349046","https://openalex.org/W2026738364","https://openalex.org/W2392799717","https://openalex.org/W1981131819","https://openalex.org/W2146885082","https://openalex.org/W3125756434","https://openalex.org/W2186703450","https://openalex.org/W4381740310","https://openalex.org/W2970853428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Entity--attribute--value":[0],"(EAV)":[1],"tables":[2],"form":[3,62],"the":[4,30,75,102,109,117],"major":[5],"component":[6],"of":[7,23,40,105],"several":[8,123],"mainstream":[9],"electronic":[10],"patient":[11,25,41],"record":[12],"systems":[13,16],"(EPRSs).":[14],"Such":[15],"have":[17],"been":[18],"optimized":[19],"for":[20,83],"real-time":[21],"retrieval":[22,36],"individual":[24,106],"data.":[26,87],"Data":[27],"warehousing,":[28],"on":[29,38,46,92],"other":[31],"hand,":[32],"involves":[33],"cross-patient":[34],"data":[35,57],"based":[37,91],"values":[39],"attributes,":[42],"with":[43,79],"a":[44,81,95],"focus":[45],"ad":[47],"hoc":[48],"query.":[49],"Attribute-centric":[50],"query":[51,77,96,118],"is":[52,90],"inherently":[53],"more":[54],"difficult":[55],"when":[56,64],"are":[58,66,127],"stored":[59,67],"in":[60],"EAV":[61],"than":[63],"they":[65,121],"conventionally.":[68],"The":[69,111],"authors":[70],"illustrate":[71],"their":[72],"approach":[73,89],"to":[74,129],"attribute-centric":[76],"problem":[78],"ACT/DB,":[80],"database":[82],"managing":[84],"clinical":[85],"trials":[86],"This":[88],"metadata":[93],"supporting":[94],"front":[97],"end":[98],"that":[99,126],"essentially":[100],"hides":[101],"EAV/non-EAV":[103],"nature":[104],"attributes":[107],"from":[108],"user.":[110],"authors'":[112],"work":[113],"does":[114],"not":[115],"close":[116],"problem,":[119],"and":[120],"identify":[122],"complex":[124],"subproblems":[125],"still":[128],"be":[130],"solved.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}