{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143936917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1998.0050421","title":"Representing Thoughts, Words, and Things in the UMLS","display_name":"Representing Thoughts, Words, and Things in the UMLS","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143936917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1998.0050421","mag":"2143936917","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9760390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.1998.0050421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1998.0050421","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/5/5/421/2372304/5-5-421.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/5/5/421/2372304/5-5-421.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069372666","display_name":"Keith E. Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9162-1405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204866599","display_name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00nr17z89","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15839263","display_name":"College of American Pathologists","ror":"https://ror.org/035h6e956","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15839263"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. E. Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, California, USA","Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS)","Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS)","Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15839263","https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003184461","display_name":"Diane E. Oliver","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204866599","display_name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00nr17z89","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15839263","display_name":"College of American Pathologists","ror":"https://ror.org/035h6e956","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15839263"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. E. Oliver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS); Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS); Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)","Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)","Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS)","Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS); Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS); Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15839263","https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020503504","display_name":"K. A. Spackman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15839263","display_name":"College of American Pathologists","ror":"https://ror.org/035h6e956","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15839263"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204866599","display_name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00nr17z89","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. A. Spackman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS); Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS); Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)","Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS)","Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)","Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS); Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS); Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15839263","https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016223285","display_name":"Edward H. Shortliffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5201-6176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15839263","display_name":"College of American Pathologists","ror":"https://ror.org/035h6e956","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15839263"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204866599","display_name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/00nr17z89","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. H. Shortliffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS); Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS); Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)","Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS)","Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS)","Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS); Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS); Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon and College of American Pathologists, Northfield, Illinois (KAS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15839263","https://openalex.org/I165690674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Stanford University, Stanford, California (KEC, DEO, EHS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Administration Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (DEO)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204866599"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069372666"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15839263","https://openalex.org/I165690674","https://openalex.org/I204866599","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2409,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97714199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"5","first_page":"421","last_page":"431"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-medical-language-system","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","score":0.8056957721710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6405899524688721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5231284499168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.40372732281684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38776686787605286}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69505689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455338","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","level":2,"score":0.8056957721710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6405899524688721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5231284499168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.40372732281684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38776686787605286}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013358","descriptor_name":"Subject Headings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013358","descriptor_name":"Subject Headings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013358","descriptor_name":"Subject Headings","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017432","descriptor_name":"Unified Medical Language System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.1998.0050421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1998.0050421","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/5/5/421/2372304/5-5-421.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9760390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9760390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.18.2898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.18.2898","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-smi.stanford.edu/pubs/SMI_Reports/SMI-98-0708.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:61323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:61323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/61323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.1998.0050421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1998.0050421","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/5/5/421/2372304/5-5-421.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7935083471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LM-07033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2143936917.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2143936917.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72603957","https://openalex.org/W113236729","https://openalex.org/W157320947","https://openalex.org/W250494237","https://openalex.org/W260901352","https://openalex.org/W1483242330","https://openalex.org/W1495570339","https://openalex.org/W1513794491","https://openalex.org/W1519810859","https://openalex.org/W1521396122","https://openalex.org/W1565450048","https://openalex.org/W1571008965","https://openalex.org/W1579458125","https://openalex.org/W1582487692","https://openalex.org/W1609930672","https://openalex.org/W1745539279","https://openalex.org/W1894968013","https://openalex.org/W1895273801","https://openalex.org/W2008074204","https://openalex.org/W2009262203","https://openalex.org/W2041706743","https://openalex.org/W2091579301","https://openalex.org/W2093450050","https://openalex.org/W2137603642","https://openalex.org/W2257876130","https://openalex.org/W2418991817","https://openalex.org/W2482622903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2003127701","https://openalex.org/W2563868050","https://openalex.org/W1822792362","https://openalex.org/W1507779355","https://openalex.org/W2575181596","https://openalex.org/W2138789621","https://openalex.org/W3204019825","https://openalex.org/W2069107439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62],"authors":[1],"describe":[2],"a":[3,79,124,149,159,164],"framework,":[4],"based":[5],"on":[6,65],"the":[7,13,16,23,28,44,53,59,87,106,120,133,138,156,176],"Ogden-Richards":[8],"semiotic":[9],"triangle,":[10],"for":[11,141,154],"understanding":[12],"relationship":[14],"between":[15],"Unified":[17],"Medical":[18],"Language":[19],"System":[20],"(UMLS)":[21],"and":[22,43,135,146],"source":[24,60],"terminologies":[25],"from":[26,86],"which":[27],"UMLS":[29,107,121,139,157],"derives":[30],"its":[31],"content.":[32],"They":[33],"pay":[34],"particular":[35],"attention":[36],"to":[37,70,130,147],"UMLS's":[38],"Concept":[39],"Unique":[40],"Identifier":[41],"(CUI)":[42],"sense":[45,54],"of":[46,55,92,99,103,113,116,119,137,175],"\"meaning\"":[47,56],"it":[48,128],"represents":[49,168],"as":[50,158,163],"contrasted":[51],"with":[52,110],"represented":[57],"by":[58,95],"terminologies.":[61],"CUI":[63],"takes":[64],"emergent":[66,81],"meaning":[67,82,104],"through":[68],"linkage":[69],"terms":[71,93],"in":[72],"different":[73,101],"terminology":[74],"systems.":[75],"In":[76],"some":[77,171],"cases,":[78],"CUI's":[80],"can":[83],"differ":[84],"significantly":[85],"original":[88],"sources'":[89],"intended":[90],"meanings":[91],"linked":[94],"that":[96,167],"CUI.":[97],"Identification":[98],"these":[100],"senses":[102],"within":[105,122],"is":[108],"consistent":[109],"historical":[111,125],"themes":[112],"semantic":[114],"interpretation":[115,174],"language.":[117],"Examination":[118],"such":[123],"framework":[126],"makes":[127],"possible":[129],"better":[131],"understand":[132],"strengths":[134],"limitations":[136],"approach":[140],"integrating":[142],"disparate":[143],"terminologic":[144],"systems":[145],"provide":[148],"model,":[150],"or":[151,173],"theoretic":[152],"foundation,":[153],"evaluating":[155],"Possible":[160],"World--that":[161],"is,":[162],"mathematical":[165],"formalism":[166],"propositions":[169],"about":[170],"perspective":[172],"physical":[177],"world.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}