{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151481184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1996.97035026","title":"Lessons from Evaluating an Automated Patient Severity Index","display_name":"Lessons from Evaluating an Automated Patient Severity Index","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151481184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1996.97035026","mag":"2151481184","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8880682"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.1996.97035026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1996.97035026","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/3/5/349/2024501/3-5-349.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/3/5/349/2024501/3-5-349.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039743673","display_name":"Richard F. Gibson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196272386","display_name":"Providence College","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxpqe74","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801996072","display_name":"LDS Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0360cq027","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108785884","https://openalex.org/I2801996072"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803026726","display_name":"University of Utah Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03b436430","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803026726"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94396219","display_name":"Providence Health & Services","ror":"https://ror.org/00n4k4n97","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94396219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. F. Gibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information Services, Providence Health System, Portland, OR, USA","Affiliations of the authors: Division of Information Services, Providence Health System, Portland, OR (RFG)","Department of Medical Informatics, LDS Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (PJH, SDH)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information Services, Providence Health System, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94396219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Division of Information Services, Providence Health System, Portland, OR (RFG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, LDS Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (PJH, SDH)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803026726","https://openalex.org/I2801996072"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013520157","display_name":"Peter J. Haug","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1026-0116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196272386","display_name":"Providence College","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxpqe74","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801996072","display_name":"LDS Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0360cq027","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108785884","https://openalex.org/I2801996072"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803026726","display_name":"University of Utah Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03b436430","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803026726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. J. Haug","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliations of the authors: Division of Information Services, Providence Health System, Portland, OR (RFG); Department of Medical Informatics, LDS Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (PJH, SDH)","Affiliations of the authors: Division of Information Services, Providence Health System, Portland, OR (RFG)","Department of Medical Informatics, LDS Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (PJH, SDH)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Division of Information Services, Providence Health System, Portland, OR (RFG); Department of Medical Informatics, LDS Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (PJH, SDH)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801996072"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Division of Information Services, Providence Health System, Portland, OR (RFG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, LDS Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (PJH, SDH)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803026726","https://openalex.org/I2801996072"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090841224","display_name":"Susan D. Horn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0199-4513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196272386","display_name":"Providence College","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxpqe74","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801996072","display_name":"LDS Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0360cq027","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108785884","https://openalex.org/I2801996072"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803026726","display_name":"University of Utah Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03b436430","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803026726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. D. Horn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliations of the authors: Division of Information Services, Providence Health System, Portland, OR (RFG); Department of Medical Informatics, LDS Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (PJH, SDH)","Affiliations of the authors: Division of Information Services, Providence Health System, Portland, OR (RFG)","Department of Medical Informatics, LDS Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (PJH, SDH)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Division of Information Services, Providence Health System, Portland, OR (RFG); Department of Medical Informatics, LDS Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (PJH, SDH)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801996072"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliations of the authors: Division of Information Services, Providence Health System, Portland, OR (RFG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Informatics, LDS Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (PJH, SDH)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803026726","https://openalex.org/I2801996072"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039743673"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196272386","https://openalex.org/I2801996072","https://openalex.org/I2803026726","https://openalex.org/I94396219"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16473181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"5","first_page":"349","last_page":"357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.8285999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.8285999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.06350000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10508","display_name":"Patient Safety and Medication Errors","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5511455535888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48287466168403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36920446157455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3539889454841614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12933161854743958}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5511455535888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48287466168403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36920446157455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3539889454841614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12933161854743958}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001330","descriptor_name":"Electronic Data Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006751","descriptor_name":"Hospital Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006751","descriptor_name":"Hospital Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006751","descriptor_name":"Hospital Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007256","descriptor_name":"Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007256","descriptor_name":"Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007256","descriptor_name":"Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016347","descriptor_name":"Medical Records Systems, Computerized","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016347","descriptor_name":"Medical Records Systems, Computerized","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016347","descriptor_name":"Medical Records Systems, Computerized","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018511","descriptor_name":"Systems Integration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018511","descriptor_name":"Systems Integration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018511","descriptor_name":"Systems Integration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.1996.97035026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1996.97035026","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/3/5/349/2024501/3-5-349.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8880682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8880682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:116319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:116319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/116319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jamia.1996.97035026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1996.97035026","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/3/5/349/2024501/3-5-349.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197592751","https://openalex.org/W1517598180","https://openalex.org/W1543641828","https://openalex.org/W1565448402","https://openalex.org/W1567406231","https://openalex.org/W1980035964","https://openalex.org/W1992270934","https://openalex.org/W1993603054","https://openalex.org/W2011674016","https://openalex.org/W2021576495","https://openalex.org/W2024201314","https://openalex.org/W2033925475","https://openalex.org/W2044860157","https://openalex.org/W2047949261","https://openalex.org/W2054811961","https://openalex.org/W2056127411","https://openalex.org/W2056848498","https://openalex.org/W2080795826","https://openalex.org/W2087523702","https://openalex.org/W2120156715","https://openalex.org/W2160114894","https://openalex.org/W2296117804","https://openalex.org/W2297111070","https://openalex.org/W2415100641","https://openalex.org/W2415964442","https://openalex.org/W3009705365","https://openalex.org/W4210674778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W2586801360","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W1489783725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"report":[2],"lessons":[3],"learned":[4],"from":[5,34],"evaluation":[6],"of":[7,20,55,102,119,123,135,144,154,202],"an":[8],"automated":[9,64,94,109,129,210],"interface":[10],"between":[11],"a":[12,18,53,183,223],"hospital":[13],"clinical":[14],"information":[15],"system":[16,25,149,166],"and":[17,76,100],"severity":[19,54,189],"illness":[21,56],"index.":[22],"DESIGN:":[23],"A":[24],"was":[26,59,131,139,158],"developed":[27],"to":[28,51,141,160,181],"convert":[29],"coded":[30],"electronic":[31],"patient":[32,89],"findings":[33],"the":[35,42,46,63,68,83,93,113,120,128,136,142,147,155,175,203,217],"HELP":[36,148,165],"System":[37],"at":[38,216],"LDS":[39],"Hospital":[40],"into":[41],"attributes":[43],"used":[44],"by":[45,61,77,81,92],"Computerized":[47],"Severity":[48],"Index":[49],"(CSI)":[50],"calculate":[52],"score.":[57],"Performance":[58],"assessed":[60],"comparing":[62],"CSI":[65,70,85,95,110,115,151],"score":[66,71,86,111,116,130],"with":[67,87],"manual":[69,84,114,176,205,212],"(from":[72],"paper":[73],"chart":[74,206],"review)":[75],"evaluating":[78],"changes":[79],"introduced":[80],"augmenting":[82],"verified":[88],"data":[90],"discovered":[91,173],"method.":[96,208],"MEASUREMENTS:":[97],"The":[98,108],"strengths":[99],"weaknesses":[101],"each":[103],"method":[104],"are":[105,214],"presented.":[106],"RESULTS:":[107],"matched":[112],"in":[117,132,146,174],"61%":[118],"cases.":[121],"Sources":[122],"errors":[124],"were":[125,171],"analyzed.":[126],"When":[127],"error,":[133],"two-thirds":[134],"time":[137,156],"it":[138,157,179],"due":[140,159],"lack":[143],"codes":[145],"representing":[150],"concepts;":[152],"one-third":[153],"nurses":[161],"not":[162],"using":[163],"established":[164],"codes.":[167],"Surprisingly,":[168],"significant":[169],"problems":[170],"also":[172],"system,":[177],"making":[178],"difficult":[180],"define":[182],"\"gold":[184],"standard\".":[185],"CONCLUSIONS:":[186],"Automated":[187],"computerized":[188],"indices":[190],"have":[191],"great":[192],"potential":[193],"for":[194,226],"future":[195,227],"applicability":[196],"once":[197],"their":[198],"performance":[199],"exceeds":[200],"that":[201],"time-consuming":[204],"review":[207],"Neither":[209],"nor":[211],"methods":[213],"adequate":[215],"present":[218],"time.":[219],"This":[220],"area":[221],"remains":[222],"fertile":[224],"ground":[225],"research.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}