{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106107776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002694","title":"N-gram support vector machines for scalable procedure and diagnosis classification, with applications to clinical free text data from the intensive care unit","display_name":"N-gram support vector machines for scalable procedure and diagnosis classification, with applications to clinical free text data from the intensive care unit","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106107776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002694","mag":"2106107776","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24786209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002694","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/21/5/871/20710789/amiajnl-2014-002694.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/21/5/871/20710789/amiajnl-2014-002694.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006726024","display_name":"Ben J. Marafino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2385-7376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ben J Marafino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110789338","display_name":"Jason M. Davies","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason M Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045536264","display_name":"Naomi S. Bardach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-0719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naomi S Bardach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084069368","display_name":"Mitzi L. Dean","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitzi L Dean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052786052","display_name":"R. Adams Dudley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-8552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Adams Dudley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Center for Healthcare Value, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","Center for Healthcare Value, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Center for Healthcare Value, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Healthcare Value, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006726024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9811,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97390616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"871","last_page":"875"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.2168000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.2168000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.09399999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.07339999824762344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.7322927713394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7203465104103088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6324417591094971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6189658045768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5331928730010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5209266543388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-gram","display_name":"n-gram","score":0.48464685678482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bigram","display_name":"Bigram","score":0.46869874000549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"Mechanical ventilation","score":0.4672073721885681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support-system","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","score":0.43579578399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jaundice","display_name":"Jaundice","score":0.429823637008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3034394383430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.30090564489364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.10480120778083801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.09167271852493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.08765295147895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.08204090595245361}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.7322927713394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7203465104103088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6324417591094971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6189658045768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5331928730010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5209266543388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117884012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94489","display_name":"n-gram","level":3,"score":0.48464685678482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108757681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2773912","display_name":"Bigram","level":3,"score":0.46869874000549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777080012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Mechanical ventilation","level":2,"score":0.4672073721885681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.43579578399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133244","display_name":"Jaundice","level":2,"score":0.429823637008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3034394383430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.30090564489364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.10480120778083801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.09167271852493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.08765295147895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08204090595245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137546455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3213474","display_name":"Trigram","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007567","descriptor_name":"Jaundice, Neonatal","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007567","descriptor_name":"Jaundice, Neonatal","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007567","descriptor_name":"Jaundice, Neonatal","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007567","descriptor_name":"Jaundice, Neonatal","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007567","descriptor_name":"Jaundice, Neonatal","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007567","descriptor_name":"Jaundice, Neonatal","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010789","descriptor_name":"Phototherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010789","descriptor_name":"Phototherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010789","descriptor_name":"Phototherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012121","descriptor_name":"Respiration, Artificial","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012121","descriptor_name":"Respiration, Artificial","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012121","descriptor_name":"Respiration, Artificial","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002694","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/21/5/871/20710789/amiajnl-2014-002694.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24786209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24786209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt6pt5950p","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6pt5950p","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, vol 21, iss 5","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4147615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4147615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:qt6pt5950p","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6pt5950p","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Marafino, BJ; Davies, JM; Bardach, NS; Dean, ML; &amp; Dudley, RA. (2014). N-gram support vector machines for scalable procedure and diagnosis classification, with applications to clinical free text data from the intensive care unit. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 21(5), 871 - 875. doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002694. UCSF: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6pt5950p","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002694","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/21/5/871/20710789/amiajnl-2014-002694.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2106107776.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2106107776.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1956559956","https://openalex.org/W1966185656","https://openalex.org/W1981648877","https://openalex.org/W1996582212","https://openalex.org/W2028546435","https://openalex.org/W2043768386","https://openalex.org/W2046788142","https://openalex.org/W2096252540","https://openalex.org/W2098162425","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2102984868","https://openalex.org/W2103018059","https://openalex.org/W2112831158","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2121227244","https://openalex.org/W2126162928","https://openalex.org/W2129658063","https://openalex.org/W2131304839","https://openalex.org/W2139865360","https://openalex.org/W2141007997","https://openalex.org/W2147199908","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2150003774","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2154776925","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2164474247","https://openalex.org/W2173951838","https://openalex.org/W2180769951","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W4239510810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2906970013","https://openalex.org/W3126081632","https://openalex.org/W2940857995","https://openalex.org/W2250909759","https://openalex.org/W2917105722","https://openalex.org/W2463816369","https://openalex.org/W2554231702","https://openalex.org/W2393111077","https://openalex.org/W2164394510","https://openalex.org/W4327499987"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Existing":[1],"risk":[2,64],"adjustment":[3],"models":[4],"for":[5,25,61,74],"intensive":[6],"care":[7],"unit":[8],"(ICU)":[9],"outcomes":[10],"rely":[11],"on":[12,180,200],"manual":[13],"abstraction":[14],"of":[15,49,53,102,145],"patient-level":[16],"predictors":[17],"from":[18,29,72,84,88],"medical":[19],"charts.":[20],"Developing":[21],"an":[22,100],"automated":[23],"method":[24],"abstracting":[26],"these":[27,96],"data":[28,36],"free":[30],"text":[31],"might":[32],"reduce":[33],"cost":[34],"and":[35,55,79,111,116,121,159,170,186,192,224,234,239],"collection":[37],"times.":[38],"OBJECTIVE:":[39],"To":[40],"develop":[41],"a":[42,51,146,206],"support":[43,210],"vector":[44],"machine":[45],"(SVM)":[46],"classifier":[47,105,136,152,207,217],"capable":[48],"identifying":[50],"range":[52],"procedures":[54,108],"diagnoses":[56,117,172,235],"in":[57,63,113,119,125],"ICU":[58,77,82,237],"clinical":[59],"notes":[60,71],"use":[62,161],"adjustment.":[65],"MATERIALS":[66],"AND":[67],"METHODS:":[68],"We":[69],"selected":[70],"2001-2008":[73],"4191":[75],"neonatal":[76],"(NICU)":[78],"2198":[80],"adult":[81,126],"patients":[83],"the":[85,89,103,129,181,201],"MIMIC-II":[86],"database":[87],"Beth":[90],"Israel":[91],"Deaconess":[92],"Medical":[93],"Center.":[94],"Using":[95],"notes,":[97],"we":[98,133],"developed":[99],"implementation":[101],"SVM":[104],"to":[106,141,219,246],"identify":[107,231],"(mechanical":[109],"ventilation":[110,156],"phototherapy":[112,160],"NICU":[114,120],"notes)":[115],"(jaundice":[118],"intracranial":[122],"hemorrhage":[123],"(ICH)":[124],"ICU).":[127],"On":[128],"jaundice":[130,167,182,202],"classification":[131],"task,":[132],"also":[134],"compared":[135,245],"performance":[137,179,214],"using":[138,208],"n-gram":[139,209,241],"features":[140,177,196,242],"unigrams":[142],"with":[143],"application":[144],"negation":[147],"algorithm":[148],"(NegEx).":[149],"RESULTS:":[150],"Our":[151],"accurately":[153,230],"identified":[154],"mechanical":[155],"(accuracy=0.982,":[157],"F1=0.954)":[158],"(accuracy=0.940,":[162],"F1=0.912),":[163],"as":[164,166],"well":[165],"(accuracy=0.898,":[168],"F1=0.884)":[169],"ICH":[171,187],"(accuracy=0.938,":[173],"F1=0.943).":[174],"Including":[175],"bigram":[176],"improved":[178],"(accuracy=0.898":[183,197],"vs":[184,189,198],"0.865)":[185],"(0.938":[188],"0.927)":[190],"tasks,":[191],"outperformed":[193],"NegEx-derived":[194],"unigram":[195],"0.863)":[199],"task.":[203],"DISCUSSION:":[204],"Overall,":[205],"vectors":[211],"displayed":[212],"excellent":[213],"characteristics.":[215],"The":[216],"generalizes":[218],"diverse":[220],"patient":[221],"populations,":[222],"diagnoses,":[223],"procedures.":[225],"CONCLUSIONS:":[226],"SVM-based":[227],"classifiers":[228],"can":[229],"procedure":[232],"status":[233],"among":[236],"patients,":[238],"including":[240],"improves":[243],"performance,":[244],"existing":[247],"methods.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
