{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111461407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001570","title":"Breast cancer survivability prediction using labeled, unlabeled, and pseudo-labeled patient data","display_name":"Breast cancer survivability prediction using labeled, unlabeled, and pseudo-labeled patient data","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111461407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001570","mag":"2111461407","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23467471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001570","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/20/4/613/5886008/20-4-613.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/20/4/613/5886008/20-4-613.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071371100","display_name":"Juhyeon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6218-3426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juhyeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea","Department of Industrial Engineering Ajou University Suwon South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering Ajou University Suwon South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043830800","display_name":"Hyunjung Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-8277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyunjung Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea","Department of Industrial Engineering Ajou University Suwon South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering Ajou University Suwon South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043830800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"],"apc_list":{"value":4332,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4332},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7866,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97348858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"613","last_page":"618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.6412000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.6412000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":0.1501999944448471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survivability","display_name":"Survivability","score":0.8359713554382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.721693754196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-data","display_name":"Patient data","score":0.645977258682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.5588358640670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5522107481956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.47842317819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-confidentiality","display_name":"Patient confidentiality","score":0.4737844169139862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43547549843788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-record","display_name":"Medical record","score":0.43534326553344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3986864984035492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oncology","display_name":"Oncology","score":0.3388204574584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.3103924095630646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11606162786483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10572168231010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.07009720802307129}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781133158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088669","display_name":"Survivability","level":2,"score":0.8359713554382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.721693754196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018822202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Patient data","level":2,"score":0.645977258682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.5588358640670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5522107481956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.47842317819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909332208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2669281","display_name":"Patient confidentiality","level":3,"score":0.4737844169139862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43547549843788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.43534326553344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3986864984035492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.3388204574584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3103924095630646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11606162786483765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10572168231010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.07009720802307129}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016019","descriptor_name":"Survival Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057285","descriptor_name":"Precision Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057285","descriptor_name":"Precision Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057285","descriptor_name":"Precision Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001570","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/20/4/613/5886008/20-4-613.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23467471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23467471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3721173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3721173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001570","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/20/4/613/5886008/20-4-613.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2111461407.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2111461407.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5009479","https://openalex.org/W645672672","https://openalex.org/W1479807131","https://openalex.org/W1491300635","https://openalex.org/W1528239948","https://openalex.org/W1541774929","https://openalex.org/W1651586605","https://openalex.org/W1800966712","https://openalex.org/W1859701809","https://openalex.org/W1877478691","https://openalex.org/W1966910741","https://openalex.org/W1983024255","https://openalex.org/W1993926867","https://openalex.org/W2003309512","https://openalex.org/W2009045943","https://openalex.org/W2018116321","https://openalex.org/W2035976582","https://openalex.org/W2042857885","https://openalex.org/W2049877533","https://openalex.org/W2096305874","https://openalex.org/W2096441521","https://openalex.org/W2112761524","https://openalex.org/W2113592823","https://openalex.org/W2130338776","https://openalex.org/W2132346211","https://openalex.org/W2136504847","https://openalex.org/W2138380910","https://openalex.org/W2172251087","https://openalex.org/W2220945839","https://openalex.org/W2595233870","https://openalex.org/W2752322585","https://openalex.org/W2914232277","https://openalex.org/W3143645943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090001868","https://openalex.org/W4250700658","https://openalex.org/W1869362010","https://openalex.org/W2791858862","https://openalex.org/W2046620751","https://openalex.org/W2322838501","https://openalex.org/W2419373719","https://openalex.org/W2415895118","https://openalex.org/W4225424156","https://openalex.org/W2066128973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Prognostic":[1],"studies":[2],"of":[3,19,56,59,87,109,155,164,216,225],"breast":[4,208],"cancer":[5,209],"survivability":[6],"have":[7,91],"been":[8],"aided":[9],"by":[10],"machine":[11,101],"learning":[12,97,102],"algorithms,":[13],"which":[14,114],"can":[15],"predict":[16],"the":[17,85,130,134,153,162,200,223],"survival":[18],"a":[20,46,99,213,219],"particular":[21],"patient":[22,26,36,47,78,89,112,157,170],"based":[23,192],"on":[24,140,193],"historical":[25],"data.":[27],"However,":[28,133],"it":[29,105,121,211],"is":[30,106,115,122,136],"not":[31],"easy":[32],"to":[33,44,75,94,118,147,168],"collect":[34],"labeled":[35,77,88,144,156],"records.":[37,79],"It":[38],"takes":[39],"at":[40],"least":[41],"5":[42],"years":[43],"label":[45],"record":[48],"as":[49,124,178],"'survived'":[50],"or":[51],"'not":[52],"survived'.":[53],"Unguided":[54],"trials":[55],"numerous":[57],"types":[58],"oncology":[60],"therapies":[61],"are":[62,72],"also":[63,73,107],"very":[64],"expensive.":[65],"Confidentiality":[66],"agreements":[67],"with":[68],"doctors":[69],"and":[70,175,203,210,218],"patients":[71],"required":[74],"obtain":[76],"PROPOSED":[80],"METHOD:":[81],"These":[82],"difficulties":[83],"in":[84],"collection":[86],"data":[90,145],"led":[92],"researchers":[93],"consider":[95,161],"semi-supervised":[96],"(SSL),":[98],"recent":[100],"algorithm,":[103,186],"because":[104],"capable":[108],"utilizing":[110],"unlabeled":[111,169],"data,":[113,158,171],"relatively":[116],"easier":[117],"collect.":[119],"Therefore,":[120],"regarded":[123],"an":[125],"algorithm":[126],"that":[127,142,172],"could":[128],"circumvent":[129],"known":[131],"difficulties.":[132],"fact":[135],"yet":[137],"valid":[138],"even":[139],"SSL":[141,195],"more":[143],"lead":[146],"better":[148],"prediction.":[149],"To":[150],"compensate":[151],"for":[152,207],"lack":[154],"we":[159],"may":[160],"concept":[163,191],"tagging":[165],"virtual":[166],"labels":[167],"is,":[173],"'pseudo-labels,'":[174],"treating":[176],"them":[177],"if":[179],"they":[180],"were":[181],"labeled.":[182],"RESULTS:":[183],"Our":[184],"proposed":[185],"'SSL":[187],"Co-training',":[188],"implements":[189],"this":[190],"SSL.":[194],"Co-training":[196],"was":[197],"tested":[198],"using":[199],"surveillance,":[201],"epidemiology,":[202],"end":[204],"results":[205],"database":[206],"delivered":[212],"mean":[214,220],"accuracy":[215],"76%":[217],"area":[221],"under":[222],"curve":[224],"0.81.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
