{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167612686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001487","title":"A sequence labeling approach to link medications and their attributes in clinical notes and clinical trial announcements for information extraction","display_name":"A sequence labeling approach to link medications and their attributes in clinical notes and clinical trial announcements for information extraction","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167612686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001487","mag":"2167612686","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23268488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001487","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/20/5/915/9517699/20-5-915.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/20/5/915/9517699/20-5-915.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350261","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-9448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042869792","display_name":"Haijun Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5499-9134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059209944","display_name":"Louise Del\u00e9ger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1399-4828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louise Deleger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041194209","display_name":"Todd Lingren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0311-7100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Lingren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045938403","display_name":"Megan Kaiser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megan Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064321673","display_name":"Laura Stoutenborough","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Stoutenborough","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062373822","display_name":"Imre Solti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Imre Solti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Biomedical Informatics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7024, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA;","Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Biomedical Informatics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7024, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062373822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.342,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80344885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"915","last_page":"921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6727903485298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-labeling","display_name":"Sequence labeling","score":0.6347297430038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage","display_name":"Linkage (software)","score":0.5714683532714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5539737939834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5378211736679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4702381491661072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical trial","score":0.4658556580543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4621601104736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link","display_name":"Link (geometry)","score":0.46179744601249695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.43254366517066956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.43071433901786804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3884771168231964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3758263885974884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3332228660583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.23802655935287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.23313641548156738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.15704882144927979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.101715087890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07148811221122742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.06659311056137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.06598341464996338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6727903485298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35639132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452468","display_name":"Sequence labeling","level":3,"score":0.6347297430038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31266012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554340","display_name":"Linkage (software)","level":3,"score":0.5714683532714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5539737939834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5378211736679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4702381491661072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4658556580543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4621601104736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46179744601249695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.43254366517066956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.43071433901786804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3884771168231964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3758263885974884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3332228660583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.23802655935287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23313641548156738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.15704882144927979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.101715087890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07148811221122742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.06659311056137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.06598341464996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008499","descriptor_name":"Medical Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001487","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/20/5/915/9517699/20-5-915.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23268488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23268488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2842995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3756265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001487","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/20/5/915/9517699/20-5-915.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167612686.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2167612686.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38597370","https://openalex.org/W68566686","https://openalex.org/W1519798095","https://openalex.org/W2047477415","https://openalex.org/W2047620598","https://openalex.org/W2099855336","https://openalex.org/W2101627118","https://openalex.org/W2104381725","https://openalex.org/W2106398919","https://openalex.org/W2106782755","https://openalex.org/W2107435951","https://openalex.org/W2108218871","https://openalex.org/W2109005707","https://openalex.org/W2111437636","https://openalex.org/W2114039834","https://openalex.org/W2114668172","https://openalex.org/W2122504306","https://openalex.org/W2125260686","https://openalex.org/W2126166543","https://openalex.org/W2126344780","https://openalex.org/W2128279348","https://openalex.org/W2129367118","https://openalex.org/W2151956076","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2159636537","https://openalex.org/W2159721973","https://openalex.org/W2166861608","https://openalex.org/W2167992389","https://openalex.org/W2168041406","https://openalex.org/W2169436143","https://openalex.org/W2912832745","https://openalex.org/W2989631226","https://openalex.org/W3151019514"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518185400","https://openalex.org/W3200586296","https://openalex.org/W4230332972","https://openalex.org/W4282976635","https://openalex.org/W1998033311","https://openalex.org/W4247322236","https://openalex.org/W2350697750","https://openalex.org/W2996274640","https://openalex.org/W156512209","https://openalex.org/W3119061519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"compared":[1],"the":[2,22,26,36,41,51],"novel":[3],"MLSL":[4,15,37,57],"method":[5,16,30,38],"with":[6],"a":[7,11],"binary":[8,28,53],"classification":[9,29,54],"and":[10,43,55,66,71],"rule-based":[12,23],"method.":[13,24],"The":[14],"performed":[17],"statistically":[18,32],"significantly":[19,33],"better":[20,34],"than":[21,35],"However,":[25],"SVM-based":[27,52],"was":[31],"for":[39],"both":[40,50],"CTA":[42,70],"CN":[44],"corpora.":[45],"Using":[46],"parsimonious":[47],"feature":[48],"sets":[49],"CRF-based":[56],"methods":[58],"achieved":[59],"high":[60],"performance":[61],"in":[62,69],"detecting":[63],"medication":[64],"name":[65],"attribute":[67],"linkages":[68],"CN.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}