{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164695063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001012","title":"Large-scale evaluation of automated clinical note de-identification and its impact on information extraction","display_name":"Large-scale evaluation of automated clinical note de-identification and its impact on information extraction","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164695063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001012","mag":"2164695063","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22859645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001012","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/20/1/84/9517912/20-1-84.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/20/1/84/9517912/20-1-84.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059209944","display_name":"Louise Del\u00e9ger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1399-4828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Deleger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA","Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084205387","display_name":"Krisztina Moln\u00e1r","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-5839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Molnar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087865794","display_name":"Guergana Savova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5887-200X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150980","display_name":"Boston Children's Museum","ror":"https://ror.org/051vg8924","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150980"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Savova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Children's Hospital Boston Informatics Program and","Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","Children's Hospital Boston Informatics Program and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children's Hospital Boston Informatics Program and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I4210150980"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children's Hospital Boston Informatics Program and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676785","display_name":"Fei Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4343-1444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linguistics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linguistics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041194209","display_name":"Todd Lingren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0311-7100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Lingren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340657","display_name":"Qian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1529-7014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Q. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021627780","display_name":"Keith Marsolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4416-1549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Marsolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061689835","display_name":"Anil G. Jegga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4881-7752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Jegga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045938403","display_name":"Megan Kaiser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064321673","display_name":"Laura Stoutenborough","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Stoutenborough","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062373822","display_name":"Imre Solti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285204247","display_name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcyya48","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I. Solti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062373822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285204247"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.4999,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99118642,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"84","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.2759000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.2759000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.1606999933719635,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.14579999446868896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-standard","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","score":0.7822548747062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6666777729988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6335975527763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.6083806753158569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6053067445755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protected-health-information","display_name":"Protected health information","score":0.5252037644386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5112278461456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47094500064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.46468213200569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-text-mining","display_name":"Biomedical text mining","score":0.42078250646591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36700373888015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.301491379737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-mining","display_name":"Text mining","score":0.19112470746040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.08150500059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.06543883681297302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.7822548747062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6666777729988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6335975527763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.6083806753158569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6053067445755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133652896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251300","display_name":"Protected health information","level":5,"score":0.5252037644386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5112278461456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47094500064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.46468213200569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165141518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915126","display_name":"Biomedical text mining","level":3,"score":0.42078250646591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36700373888015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.301491379737854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71472368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676880","display_name":"Text mining","level":2,"score":0.19112470746040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08150500059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.06543883681297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147268084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5635796","display_name":"HRHIS","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003219","descriptor_name":"Confidentiality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003219","descriptor_name":"Confidentiality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003219","descriptor_name":"Confidentiality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006776","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Pediatric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006776","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Pediatric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006776","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Pediatric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013673","descriptor_name":"Technology Assessment, Biomedical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013673","descriptor_name":"Technology Assessment, Biomedical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013673","descriptor_name":"Technology Assessment, Biomedical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033181","descriptor_name":"Information Dissemination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033181","descriptor_name":"Information Dissemination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033181","descriptor_name":"Information Dissemination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001012","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/20/1/84/9517912/20-1-84.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22859645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22859645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/11879366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11879366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2846805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3555323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001012","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/20/1/84/9517912/20-1-84.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2164695063.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2164695063.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19235523","https://openalex.org/W50158085","https://openalex.org/W79139011","https://openalex.org/W1262131959","https://openalex.org/W1482032864","https://openalex.org/W1540056032","https://openalex.org/W1558796178","https://openalex.org/W1598801177","https://openalex.org/W1863940422","https://openalex.org/W1968299411","https://openalex.org/W1968534217","https://openalex.org/W1981290591","https://openalex.org/W1994861082","https://openalex.org/W1995228216","https://openalex.org/W2002514548","https://openalex.org/W2009790391","https://openalex.org/W2015620729","https://openalex.org/W2035807240","https://openalex.org/W2069870853","https://openalex.org/W2089933214","https://openalex.org/W2094249664","https://openalex.org/W2104218280","https://openalex.org/W2114039834","https://openalex.org/W2114388055","https://openalex.org/W2128004504","https://openalex.org/W2133362931","https://openalex.org/W2140663467","https://openalex.org/W2146089916","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2153938034","https://openalex.org/W2156061936","https://openalex.org/W2159070430","https://openalex.org/W2160987310","https://openalex.org/W2161477621","https://openalex.org/W2161880183","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2166213950","https://openalex.org/W2169730138","https://openalex.org/W2179276135","https://openalex.org/W2469308057","https://openalex.org/W2558645078","https://openalex.org/W2568020214","https://openalex.org/W2914048174","https://openalex.org/W2989631226","https://openalex.org/W4230722969","https://openalex.org/W4247376166"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004288456","https://openalex.org/W4362496998","https://openalex.org/W2184397297","https://openalex.org/W1663435917","https://openalex.org/W2810079151","https://openalex.org/W2616159224","https://openalex.org/W2164881856","https://openalex.org/W2572241437","https://openalex.org/W2103320915","https://openalex.org/W3082330004"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"(1)":[1],"To":[2,22],"evaluate":[3],"a":[4,14,94,116],"state-of-the-art":[5],"natural":[6],"language":[7],"processing":[8],"(NLP)-based":[9],"approach":[10,245],"to":[11,248],"automatically":[12],"de-identify":[13],"large":[15],"set":[16],"of":[17,26,31,64,74,112,119,125,130,169,176,197,205,220,236,250],"diverse":[18],"clinical":[19,51],"notes.":[20],"(2)":[21],"measure":[23],"the":[24,29,36,65,120,128,170,187,203,206,216,234,243],"impact":[25,196],"de-identification":[27,77,105,126,199,228],"on":[28,35,115,127,192,202],"performance":[30,106,129,168,180,231,235],"information":[32,86,145,211],"extraction":[33,133,212],"algorithms":[34],"de-identified":[37],"documents.":[38],"MATERIAL":[39],"AND":[40,225],"METHODS:":[41],"A":[42],"cross-sectional":[43],"study":[44],"that":[45,111,175,232],"included":[46,140],"3503":[47],"stratified,":[48],"randomly":[49],"selected":[50],"notes":[52,208],"(over":[53],"22":[54],"note":[55],"types)":[56],"from":[57,174],"five":[58],"million":[59,151],"documents":[60,251],"produced":[61],"at":[62],"one":[63,150],"largest":[66],"US":[67],"pediatric":[68],"hospitals.":[69],"Sensitivity,":[70],"precision,":[71],"F":[72],"value":[73],"two":[75,113],"automated":[76,104,198,244],"systems":[78],"for":[79,209],"removing":[80],"all":[81],"18":[82],"HIPAA-defined":[83],"protected":[84,143],"health":[85,144],"elements":[87,146],"were":[88],"computed.":[89],"Performance":[90],"was":[91,101,107,134,172,181,200],"assessed":[92],"against":[93],"manually":[95],"generated":[96],"'gold":[97],"standard'.":[98],"Statistical":[99],"significance":[100],"tested.":[102],"The":[103,123,137,153,167,195],"also":[108],"compared":[109],"with":[110],"humans":[114],"10%":[117],"subsample":[118],"gold":[121,138],"standard.":[122],"effect":[124],"subsequent":[131,210],"medication":[132,221],"measured.":[135],"RESULTS:":[136],"standard":[139],"30":[141],"815":[142],"and":[147,162,183,218,253],"more":[148],"than":[149],"tokens.":[152],"most":[154],"accurate":[155],"NLP":[156],"method":[157],"had":[158],"91.92%":[159],"sensitivity":[160,217],"(R)":[161],"95.08%":[163],"precision":[164,219],"(P)":[165],"overall.":[166],"system":[171,189],"indistinguishable":[173],"human":[177,237],"annotators":[178],"(annotators'":[179],"92.15%(R)/93.95%(P)":[182],"94.55%(R)/88.45%(P)":[184],"overall":[185],"while":[186],"best":[188],"obtained":[190],"92.91%(R)/95.73%(P)":[191],"same":[193],"text).":[194],"minimal":[201],"utility":[204],"narrative":[207],"as":[213],"measured":[214],"by":[215],"name":[222],"extraction.":[223],"DISCUSSION":[224],"CONCLUSION:":[226],"NLP-based":[227],"shows":[229],"excellent":[230],"rivals":[233],"annotators.":[238],"Furthermore,":[239],"unlike":[240],"manual":[241],"de-identification,":[242],"scales":[246],"up":[247],"millions":[249],"quickly":[252],"inexpensively.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}