{"id":"https://openalex.org/W115543958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000775","title":"Automatic discourse connective detection in biomedical text","display_name":"Automatic discourse connective detection in biomedical text","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W115543958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000775","mag":"115543958","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22744958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000775","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/19/5/800/17374505/19-5-800.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/19/5/800/17374505/19-5-800.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011250001","display_name":"Balaji Polepalli Ramesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2885-9194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balaji Polepalli Ramesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026474261","display_name":"Rashmi Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-0630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801879210","display_name":"University School of Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/045bzwt16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801879210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashmi Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Informatics and Administration, University of WisconsineMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","Department of Health Informatics and Administration, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Informatics and Administration, University of WisconsineMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801879210","https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Informatics and Administration, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028824146","display_name":"Tim Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4908-6063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801879210","display_name":"University School of Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/045bzwt16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801879210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Informatics and Administration, University of WisconsineMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","Department of Health Informatics and Administration, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Informatics and Administration, University of WisconsineMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801879210","https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Informatics and Administration, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018644467","display_name":"Brian Harrington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0734-9630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801879210","display_name":"University School of Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/045bzwt16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801879210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Harrington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of WisconsineMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","Medical Informatics, University of WisconsineMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of WisconsineMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801879210","https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Informatics, University of WisconsineMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271","https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017601806","display_name":"Hong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9263-5035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204308271","display_name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","ror":"https://ror.org/00qqv6244","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204308271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801879210","display_name":"University School of Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/045bzwt16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801879210"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of WisconsineMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","Medical Informatics, University of WisconsineMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of WisconsineMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801879210","https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Informatics, University of WisconsineMilwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271","https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017601806"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204308271","https://openalex.org/I2801879210","https://openalex.org/I43579087"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"fwci":1.7184,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8318936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"800","last_page":"808"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9495000243186951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9495000243186951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.026000000536441803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7273748517036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sophistication","display_name":"Sophistication","score":0.6581841111183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.654687762260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.594124972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-text-mining","display_name":"Biomedical text mining","score":0.50520259141922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.4952472746372223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.4078681170940399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-mining","display_name":"Text mining","score":0.33519378304481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11189773678779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.06781277060508728}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7273748517036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.6581841111183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.654687762260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.594124972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165141518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915126","display_name":"Biomedical text mining","level":3,"score":0.50520259141922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.4952472746372223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4078681170940399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71472368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676880","display_name":"Text mining","level":2,"score":0.33519378304481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11189773678779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.06781277060508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000775","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/19/5/800/17374505/19-5-800.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22744958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22744958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3422833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3422833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Am Med Inform Assoc","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000775","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/19/5/800/17374505/19-5-800.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7183281665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 GM095476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7271635030","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R01GM095476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W115543958.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W115543958.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14680811","https://openalex.org/W102951417","https://openalex.org/W103110710","https://openalex.org/W122290181","https://openalex.org/W273036708","https://openalex.org/W1577206506","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1890576963","https://openalex.org/W1935590306","https://openalex.org/W1986069434","https://openalex.org/W2001804590","https://openalex.org/W2003553370","https://openalex.org/W2005853109","https://openalex.org/W2043335066","https://openalex.org/W2051649768","https://openalex.org/W2051840895","https://openalex.org/W2069684104","https://openalex.org/W2076424959","https://openalex.org/W2082118847","https://openalex.org/W2096509886","https://openalex.org/W2100627415","https://openalex.org/W2107005506","https://openalex.org/W2111644138","https://openalex.org/W2115915625","https://openalex.org/W2120580278","https://openalex.org/W2120587524","https://openalex.org/W2124022436","https://openalex.org/W2127194753","https://openalex.org/W2138595422","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2149684865","https://openalex.org/W2154407881","https://openalex.org/W2158570207","https://openalex.org/W2158847908","https://openalex.org/W2159583324","https://openalex.org/W2159985898","https://openalex.org/W2162228163","https://openalex.org/W2163107094","https://openalex.org/W2166957049","https://openalex.org/W2167490942","https://openalex.org/W2169918010","https://openalex.org/W2170496269","https://openalex.org/W2181507835","https://openalex.org/W2418562021","https://openalex.org/W2600566248","https://openalex.org/W3139377003","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185751515","https://openalex.org/W1479703980","https://openalex.org/W2749535755","https://openalex.org/W1553529581","https://openalex.org/W4206039273","https://openalex.org/W4232119327","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2134429551","https://openalex.org/W3183808544","https://openalex.org/W2188854577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Relation":[1,100],"extraction":[2],"in":[3,29,43,64,87,167],"biomedical":[4,65,88,111,168],"text":[5,44],"mining":[6],"systems":[7],"has":[8],"largely":[9],"focused":[10],"on":[11,96],"identifying":[12,30,61,84],"clause-level":[13],"relations,":[14],"but":[15],"increasing":[16],"sophistication":[17],"demands":[18],"the":[19,34,97,119,131,146,171,177,187],"recognition":[20],"of":[21,36,105,118,150,186],"relations":[22,32,107],"at":[23],"discourse":[24,31,37,47,62,85,106,165],"level.":[25],"A":[26,183],"first":[27],"step":[28],"involves":[33],"detection":[35],"connectives:":[38],"words":[39],"or":[40],"phrases":[41],"used":[42],"to":[45,129],"express":[46],"relations.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"study":[51],"supervised":[52,71,91],"machine-learning":[53,72,92,160],"approaches":[54,161],"were":[55,81,94,126,143],"developed":[56],"and":[57,77,153,170],"evaluated":[58,144],"for":[59,83],"automatically":[60,163],"connectives":[63,86,166],"text.":[66],"MATERIALS":[67],"AND":[68,157],"METHODS:":[69],"Two":[70],"models":[73,142],"(support":[74],"vector":[75],"machines":[76],"conditional":[78],"random":[79],"fields)":[80],"explored":[82,128],"literature.":[89],"In-domain":[90],"classifiers":[93],"trained":[95],"Biomedical":[98],"Discourse":[99,135],"Bank,":[101],"an":[102],"annotated":[103],"corpus":[104],"over":[108],"24":[109],"full-text":[110],"articles":[112],"(~112,000":[113],"word":[114,139],"tokens),":[115],"a":[116],"subset":[117],"GENIA":[120],"corpus.":[121],"Novel":[122],"domain":[123,173],"adaptation":[124,174],"techniques":[125,175],"also":[127],"leverage":[130],"larger":[132],"open-domain":[133],"Penn":[134],"Treebank":[136],"(~1":[137],"million":[138],"tokens).":[140],"The":[141],"using":[145],"standard":[147],"evaluation":[148],"metrics":[149],"precision,":[151],"recall":[152],"F1":[154,181],"scores.":[155],"RESULTS":[156],"CONCLUSION:":[158],"Supervised":[159],"can":[162],"identify":[164],"text,":[169],"novel":[172],"yielded":[176],"best":[178],"performance:":[179],"0.761":[180],"score.":[182],"demonstration":[184],"version":[185],"fully":[188],"implemented":[189],"classifier":[190],"BioConn":[191],"is":[192],"available":[193],"at:":[194],"http://bioconn.askhermes.org.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}