{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106419350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000734","title":"A classification approach to coreference in discharge summaries: 2011 i2b2 challenge","display_name":"A classification approach to coreference in discharge summaries: 2011 i2b2 challenge","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106419350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000734","mag":"2106419350","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22505762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000734","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/19/5/897/17375478/19-5-897.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/19/5/897/17375478/19-5-897.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445660","display_name":"Yan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-7594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767781","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/017r4dj03","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767781","https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767781","https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101867177","display_name":"Jiahua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6889-2657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069465134","display_name":"Jiajun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-2510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371984","display_name":"Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0278-2347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","School of Information Security Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Security Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001760915","display_name":"Zhuowen Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1900-2124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuowen Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lab of Neuro Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","Department of Neurology, Lab of Neuro Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lab of Neuro Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Lab of Neuro Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102139311","display_name":"Jian-Tao Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Tao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112241147","display_name":"Jun\u2019ichi Tsujii","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junichi Tsujii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087298985","display_name":"Eric Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9678-5994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric I-Chao Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087298985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"],"apc_list":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"apc_paid":{"value":3967,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3967},"fwci":5.9949,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95989637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"897","last_page":"905"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.5602999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.5602999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.23600000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.05310000106692314,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coreference","display_name":"Coreference","score":0.9388762712478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7590944170951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5937939882278442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.5583328604698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5323890447616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5204320549964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assertion","display_name":"Assertion","score":0.498119592666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.44410279393196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.43466681241989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4273141026496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.3421159088611603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3303273320198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.19224968552589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1334851086139679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.08526146411895752}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28076734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63087","display_name":"Coreference","level":3,"score":0.9388762712478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7590944170951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5937939882278442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.5583328604698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5323890447616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5204320549964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40422974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248","display_name":"Assertion","level":2,"score":0.498119592666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.44410279393196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.43466681241989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4273141026496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.3421159088611603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3303273320198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.19224968552589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1334851086139679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.08526146411895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002965","descriptor_name":"Classification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000734","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/19/5/897/17375478/19-5-897.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22505762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22505762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1029.7440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1029.7440","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jamia.oxfordjournals.org/content/jaminfo/19/5/897.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.728.3408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.728.3408","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jiajunwu.com/papers/coreference_jamia.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2750194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3422828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000734","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-pdf/19/5/897/17375478/19-5-897.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2556104819","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-0844566","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3540885937","display_name":"CAREER:  Holistic 3D Brain Image Parsing by Integrating Implicit and Explicit Models","funder_award_id":"0844566","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4603160856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R13 LM011411","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5236573442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54 LM008748","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6070727171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61073077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6671297155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAREER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8306720574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N000140910099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321125","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326978","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333993","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2106419350.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2106419350.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153173462","https://openalex.org/W1491611863","https://openalex.org/W1502412648","https://openalex.org/W1581262234","https://openalex.org/W1604938182","https://openalex.org/W1672757658","https://openalex.org/W2042609668","https://openalex.org/W2075011505","https://openalex.org/W2098345921","https://openalex.org/W2102708424","https://openalex.org/W2124700572","https://openalex.org/W2130848543","https://openalex.org/W2131554698","https://openalex.org/W2145270227","https://openalex.org/W2163552363","https://openalex.org/W2164455818","https://openalex.org/W2168041406","https://openalex.org/W2168644362","https://openalex.org/W2579915115","https://openalex.org/W2786848410","https://openalex.org/W4253336001","https://openalex.org/W4312960235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139373276","https://openalex.org/W2227889443","https://openalex.org/W1509033667","https://openalex.org/W4385749782","https://openalex.org/W3167631113","https://openalex.org/W2145164276","https://openalex.org/W2004630825","https://openalex.org/W2324061017","https://openalex.org/W2358294942","https://openalex.org/W4367460280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"create":[2],"a":[3,71,160,255],"highly":[4],"accurate":[5],"coreference":[6,17,28,48,277],"system":[7,30,49,56,68,132,206,212,227,250],"in":[8,120,233,244,279],"discharge":[9,280],"summaries":[10],"for":[11,201],"the":[12,155,179,187,196,235,263,276],"2011":[13],"i2b2":[14],"challenge.":[15],"The":[16,77,103,131,210,225,248],"categories":[18],"include":[19,90],"Person,":[20,191],"Problem,":[21,192],"Treatment,":[22,193],"and":[23,40,63,66,84,101,118,123,139,144,163,168,194,218,240],"Test.":[24],"DESIGN:":[25],"An":[26],"integrated":[27],"resolution":[29],"was":[31,199],"developed":[32],"by":[33,154],"exploiting":[34],"Person":[35,47,53,79,202,211],"attributes,":[36,54],"contextual":[37,60,241],"semantic":[38,61,88,242,246],"clues,":[39],"world":[41,64,104,231],"knowledge.":[42],"It":[43,158],"includes":[44],"three":[45,52,78],"subsystems:":[46],"based":[50,57,69],"on":[51,58,70,147,171,190],"Problem/Treatment/Test":[55,226],"numerous":[59],"extractors":[62,89,243],"knowledge,":[65],"Pronoun":[67,249,256],"multi-class":[72],"support":[73],"vector":[74],"machine":[75],"classifier.":[76],"attributes":[80],"are":[81,221],"patient,":[82],"relative":[83],"hospital":[85],"personnel.":[86],"Contextual":[87],"anatomy,":[91],"position,":[92],"medication,":[93],"indicator,":[94],"temporal,":[95],"spatial,":[96],"section,":[97],"modifier,":[98],"equipment,":[99],"operation,":[100],"assertion.":[102],"knowledge":[105,232],"is":[106,258,272],"extracted":[107],"from":[108,229],"external":[109],"resources":[110],"such":[111],"as":[112],"Wikipedia.":[113],"MEASUREMENTS:":[114],"Micro-averaged":[115],"precision,":[116,137,161],"recall":[117,138,162],"F-measure":[119,140,164,198],"MUC,":[121],"BCubed":[122],"CEAF":[124],"were":[125],"used":[126],"to":[127,260,274],"evaluate":[128],"results.":[129,209],"RESULTS:":[130],"achieved":[133,159,207],"an":[134],"overall":[135],"micro-averaged":[136],"of":[141,165,182,237,262],"0.906,":[142],"0.925,":[143],"0.915,":[145],"respectively,":[146,170],"test":[148,172],"data":[149,173],"(from":[150],"four":[151,188,265],"hospitals)":[152],"released":[153],"challenge":[156],"organizers.":[157],"0.905,":[166],"0.920":[167],"0.913,":[169],"without":[174],"Pittsburgh":[175],"data.":[176],"We":[177],"ranked":[178],"first":[180],"out":[181],"20":[183],"competing":[184],"teams.":[185],"Among":[186],"sub-tasks":[189],"Test,":[195],"highest":[197],"seen":[200],"coreference.":[203],"CONCLUSIONS:":[204],"This":[205,267],"encouraging":[208],"can":[213,251],"determine":[214],"whether":[215,254],"personal":[216],"pronouns":[217],"proper":[219],"names":[220],"coreferent":[222,259],"or":[223],"not.":[224],"benefits":[228],"both":[230],"evaluating":[234],"similarity":[236],"two":[238],"mentions":[239],"identifying":[245],"clues.":[247],"automatically":[252],"detect":[253],"mention":[257],"that":[261,270],"other":[264],"types.":[266],"study":[268],"demonstrates":[269],"it":[271],"feasible":[273],"accomplish":[275],"task":[278],"summaries.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}