{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378190311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0361768823030076","title":"Using Multilevel Hash Tables to Speed up Rendering","display_name":"Using Multilevel Hash Tables to Speed up Rendering","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378190311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0361768823030076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1134/s0361768823030076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0361768823030076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150218641","display_name":"Programming and Computer Software","issn_l":"0361-7688","issn":["0361-7688","1608-3261"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320267","host_organization_name":"Pleiades Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320267","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pleiades Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Programming and Computer Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084227909","display_name":"Dmitry Zhdanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-8155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173089394","display_name":"ITMO University","ror":"https://ror.org/04txgxn49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. D. Zhdanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskii pr. 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-8155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskii pr. 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092015982","display_name":"Anatoly Lysykh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173089394","display_name":"ITMO University","ror":"https://ror.org/04txgxn49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. I. Lysykh","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskii pr. 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskii pr. 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015622135","display_name":"R. R. Khalimov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1923-4360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173089394","display_name":"ITMO University","ror":"https://ror.org/04txgxn49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. R. Khalimov","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskii pr. 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1923-4360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskii pr. 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042524795","display_name":"Igor Kinev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-1203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173089394","display_name":"ITMO University","ror":"https://ror.org/04txgxn49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I. E. Kinev","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskii pr. 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-1203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskii pr. 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048013094","display_name":"Andrey Zhdanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2569-1982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173089394","display_name":"ITMO University","ror":"https://ror.org/04txgxn49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. D. Zhdanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskii pr. 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2569-1982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics, and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskii pr. 49, 197101, St. Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015622135","https://openalex.org/A5042524795","https://openalex.org/A5048013094","https://openalex.org/A5084227909","https://openalex.org/A5092015982"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04525876,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"3","first_page":"161","last_page":"171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6128313541412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.561540961265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-table","display_name":"Hash table","score":0.5251436233520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.4942796230316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.45354241132736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3312695324420929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11595678329467773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6128313541412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.561540961265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67388219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207440","display_name":"Hash table","level":3,"score":0.5251436233520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.4942796230316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.45354241132736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3312695324420929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11595678329467773}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1134/s0361768823030076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0361768823030076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150218641","display_name":"Programming and Computer Software","issn_l":"0361-7688","issn":["0361-7688","1608-3261"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320267","host_organization_name":"Pleiades Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320267","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pleiades Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Programming and Computer Software","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966671941","https://openalex.org/W1986743298","https://openalex.org/W1991686106","https://openalex.org/W1999250663","https://openalex.org/W2008693968","https://openalex.org/W2050163675","https://openalex.org/W2081371124","https://openalex.org/W2092276439","https://openalex.org/W2103185791","https://openalex.org/W2104814486","https://openalex.org/W2123703543","https://openalex.org/W2130776059","https://openalex.org/W2139317493","https://openalex.org/W2155085157","https://openalex.org/W2545201814","https://openalex.org/W2609525154","https://openalex.org/W3042928929","https://openalex.org/W3116556529","https://openalex.org/W3162015991","https://openalex.org/W3166484396","https://openalex.org/W4312710478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W291250033","https://openalex.org/W2008385118","https://openalex.org/W2035757446","https://openalex.org/W880955280","https://openalex.org/W2106647072","https://openalex.org/W4246858109","https://openalex.org/W54172855","https://openalex.org/W2170209930","https://openalex.org/W2046782623","https://openalex.org/W4205838854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2,45,154],"paper,":[3],"we":[4,27,87,184,243],"analyze":[5],"realistic":[6,25],"rendering":[7,317],"methods":[8,245,263],"in":[9,14,206,212,282],"terms":[10],"of":[11,44,71,108,120,138,141,149,169,172,197,209,218,227,232,254,315],"their":[12,77],"efficiency":[13,43],"calculating":[15],"caustic":[16],"and":[17,79,93,144,236,272],"indirect":[18],"illumination.":[19],"As":[20,83],"the":[21,42,53,84,89,139,142,145,150,156,162,167,194,198,207,216,219,239,248,251,257,266,283,290,296,301,312,316],"basic":[22],"approach":[23],"to":[24,63,102,127,187,202,214],"rendering,":[26],"choose":[28],"bidirectional":[29],"progressive":[30],"ray":[31,270],"tracing":[32],"with":[33,295],"backward":[34],"photon":[35,64,103,109,121,128,174,273],"maps.":[36],"The":[37,96,112,276,304],"main":[38,54,85],"factors":[39],"that":[40,52,56,135,307],"reduce":[41,181,215],"method":[46,292,298,309],"are":[47,75,81,280],"analyzed.":[48],"It":[49],"is":[50,60,114,159,293],"shown":[51],"factor":[55],"affects":[57],"its":[58],"performance":[59],"slow":[61,125],"access":[62,101,126,148],"map":[65,110,122],"data.":[66,129],"Different":[67],"techniques":[68],"for":[69,246,264,287],"construction":[70],"spatial":[72,91,97,118,151,190,204,224,240],"acceleration":[73,220,225],"structures":[74],"considered,":[76],"advantages":[78],"disadvantages":[80],"investigated.":[82],"approaches,":[86],"select":[88],"regular":[90,157],"grid":[92,98,158],"binary":[94,302],"kd-tree.":[95],"provides":[99],"high-speed":[100],"data":[104,147],"at":[105],"low":[106],"adaptability":[107,119,140],"partitioning.":[111],"kd-tree":[113,143,163,199],"characterized":[115],"by":[116,319],"high":[117],"partitioning":[123,171],"but":[124],"We":[130],"propose":[131],"a":[132,173,223,228,269],"combined":[133],"solution":[134],"takes":[136],"advantage":[137],"fast":[146],"grid.":[152],"For":[153,238],"purpose,":[155],"superimposed":[160,192],"on":[161,166,193,300],"constructed":[164],"based":[165,299],"principle":[168],"space":[170],"region":[175],"into":[176],"geometrically":[177],"identical":[178],"halves.":[179],"To":[180],"memory":[182],"consumption,":[183],"propose,":[185],"first,":[186],"use":[188],"multilevel":[189],"grids":[191,205],"selected":[195],"nodes":[196],"and,":[200],"second,":[201],"store":[203],"form":[208],"hash":[210,233],"tables":[211],"order":[213],"size":[217],"structure.":[221],"Thus,":[222],"structure":[226,241],"new":[229],"type\u2014a":[230],"tree":[231],"tables\u2014is":[234],"proposed":[235,277,291],"implemented.":[237],"developed,":[242],"implement":[244],"finding":[247,265],"nearest":[249],"photons":[250],"integration":[252,274],"spheres":[253],"which":[255],"cover":[256],"illumination":[258],"point,":[259],"as":[260,262],"well":[261],"intersection":[267],"between":[268],"segment":[271],"spheres.":[275],"software":[278,285],"solutions":[279],"implemented":[281],"Lumicept":[284,297],"package;":[286],"some":[288],"scenes,":[289],"compared":[294],"tree.":[303],"comparison":[305],"shows":[306],"our":[308],"can":[310],"increase":[311],"overall":[313],"speed":[314],"process":[318],"more":[320],"than":[321],"40%.":[322]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
