{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193210463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0361768821040034","title":"Light Transport in Realistic Rendering: State-of-the-Art Simulation Methods","display_name":"Light Transport in Realistic Rendering: State-of-the-Art Simulation Methods","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193210463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0361768821040034","mag":"3193210463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1134/s0361768821040034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0361768821040034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150218641","display_name":"Programming and Computer Software","issn_l":"0361-7688","issn":["0361-7688","1608-3261"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320267","host_organization_name":"Pleiades Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320267","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pleiades Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Programming and Computer Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028189188","display_name":"Vladimir Alexandrovich Frolov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8829-9884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86427540","display_name":"Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/01dv3hq14","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210124601","https://openalex.org/I86427540"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19880235","display_name":"Lomonosov Moscow State University","ror":"https://ror.org/010pmpe69","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"V. A. Frolov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125047, Moscow, Russia","Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125047, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86427540"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19880235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058998038","display_name":"Alexey Gennadievich Voloboy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-8294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86427540","display_name":"Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/01dv3hq14","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210124601","https://openalex.org/I86427540"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. G. Voloboy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125047, Moscow, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125047, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86427540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038884331","display_name":"Sergey Ershov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5493-1076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86427540","display_name":"Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/01dv3hq14","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210124601","https://openalex.org/I86427540"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. V. Ershov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125047, Moscow, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125047, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86427540"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063992097","display_name":"\u0412. \u0410. \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6460-7539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86427540","display_name":"Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/01dv3hq14","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210124601","https://openalex.org/I86427540"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. A. Galaktionov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125047, Moscow, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125047, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86427540"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028189188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19880235","https://openalex.org/I86427540"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96157468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"4","first_page":"298","last_page":"326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8142901659011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7284505367279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.6896980404853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clarity","display_name":"CLARITY","score":0.6225812435150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.5800259113311768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5614160299301147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5009121894836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.47594308853149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4495677351951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.42873668670654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35109788179397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33247676491737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32810693979263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09038037061691284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8142901659011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7284505367279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.6896980404853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.6225812435150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.5800259113311768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5614160299301147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5009121894836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.47594308853149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4495677351951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.42873668670654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35109788179397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33247676491737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32810693979263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09038037061691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1134/s0361768821040034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0361768821040034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150218641","display_name":"Programming and Computer Software","issn_l":"0361-7688","issn":["0361-7688","1608-3261"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320267","host_organization_name":"Pleiades Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320267","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pleiades Publishing","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Programming and Computer Software","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28545113","https://openalex.org/W621546036","https://openalex.org/W1545319692","https://openalex.org/W1556278552","https://openalex.org/W1564611446","https://openalex.org/W1608402339","https://openalex.org/W1613038574","https://openalex.org/W1829077561","https://openalex.org/W1907223193","https://openalex.org/W1966671941","https://openalex.org/W1969885994","https://openalex.org/W1974568352","https://openalex.org/W1976454752","https://openalex.org/W1979600200","https://openalex.org/W1983452151","https://openalex.org/W1986743298","https://openalex.org/W1986878934","https://openalex.org/W1987399443","https://openalex.org/W1991686106","https://openalex.org/W1993309788","https://openalex.org/W1994791189","https://openalex.org/W1996261104","https://openalex.org/W2001662666","https://openalex.org/W2008693968","https://openalex.org/W2008870867","https://openalex.org/W2009173369","https://openalex.org/W2013145865","https://openalex.org/W2015694181","https://openalex.org/W2018275460","https://openalex.org/W2021131939","https://openalex.org/W2025983797","https://openalex.org/W2027979483","https://openalex.org/W2030089573","https://openalex.org/W2042775781","https://openalex.org/W2046872971","https://openalex.org/W2057293583","https://openalex.org/W2058810187","https://openalex.org/W2059069038","https://openalex.org/W2059448777","https://openalex.org/W2075954168","https://openalex.org/W2094199382","https://openalex.org/W2098077797","https://openalex.org/W2099332139","https://openalex.org/W2102727143","https://openalex.org/W2104814486","https://openalex.org/W2113288858","https://openalex.org/W2122132690","https://openalex.org/W2130776059","https://openalex.org/W2134158653","https://openalex.org/W2138624212","https://openalex.org/W2141966484","https://openalex.org/W2142380402","https://openalex.org/W2151035893","https://openalex.org/W2153831894","https://openalex.org/W2153968339","https://openalex.org/W2158596117","https://openalex.org/W2170171286","https://openalex.org/W2188658603","https://openalex.org/W2272512577","https://openalex.org/W2387022868","https://openalex.org/W2478027467","https://openalex.org/W2496551394","https://openalex.org/W2529105095","https://openalex.org/W2550375358","https://openalex.org/W2556575547","https://openalex.org/W2566276019","https://openalex.org/W2572702041","https://openalex.org/W2581705487","https://openalex.org/W2609525154","https://openalex.org/W2611932403","https://openalex.org/W2614374371","https://openalex.org/W2618044425","https://openalex.org/W2619962716","https://openalex.org/W2729969003","https://openalex.org/W2731574721","https://openalex.org/W2737551591","https://openalex.org/W2758667594","https://openalex.org/W2771008625","https://openalex.org/W2780885427","https://openalex.org/W2794570135","https://openalex.org/W2806536237","https://openalex.org/W2887697269","https://openalex.org/W2890676055","https://openalex.org/W2900162369","https://openalex.org/W2902972464","https://openalex.org/W2906638304","https://openalex.org/W2916870032","https://openalex.org/W2962703949","https://openalex.org/W2963248516","https://openalex.org/W2964427665","https://openalex.org/W2986023562","https://openalex.org/W3023860106","https://openalex.org/W3026390873","https://openalex.org/W3042928929","https://openalex.org/W3048023699","https://openalex.org/W3048397425","https://openalex.org/W3048530421","https://openalex.org/W3082782239","https://openalex.org/W3086190093","https://openalex.org/W3092556238","https://openalex.org/W3097121080","https://openalex.org/W3098919389","https://openalex.org/W3099553476","https://openalex.org/W3103490970","https://openalex.org/W3111904334","https://openalex.org/W3116556529","https://openalex.org/W3121631294","https://openalex.org/W3122887115","https://openalex.org/W4206682845","https://openalex.org/W6629348209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2397912953","https://openalex.org/W2124439461","https://openalex.org/W2099004500","https://openalex.org/W4388994528","https://openalex.org/W2077708435","https://openalex.org/W4376115546","https://openalex.org/W1992884771","https://openalex.org/W2025036815","https://openalex.org/W4281488350","https://openalex.org/W2093369918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"modern":[1],"realistic":[2],"computer":[3],"graphics":[4],"is":[5,20,56,118],"based":[6],"on":[7,145,151],"physically":[8],"correct":[9],"lighting":[10],"simulation.":[11],"One":[12],"of":[13,23,32,48,60,67,87,90,106,123,137,142,170,179,188,197],"the":[14,21,30,51,95,102,124,135,140,148,152,168,171,177,186,189],"main":[15],"and":[16,45,62,70,78,104,109,129,147,176],"computationally":[17],"difficult":[18],"problems":[19],"calculation":[22],"light":[24,33,43,49],"transport":[25],"or":[26,154],"global":[27],"illumination,":[28],"i.e.":[29],"distribution":[31],"in":[34,58],"a":[35,88],"virtual":[36],"scene":[37,52,153],"taking":[38],"into":[39],"account":[40],"multiple":[41],"reflections,":[42],"scattering":[44],"various":[46],"interactions":[47],"with":[50,131],"objects.":[53],"This":[54],"problem":[55],"studied":[57],"hundreds":[59],"books":[61],"papers.":[63],"They":[64],"describe":[65],"dozens":[66],"computational":[68],"methods":[69,108,125,172],"their":[71,127,138,174],"modifications.":[72],"Our":[73],"survey":[74],"not":[75,166],"only":[76,167],"lists":[77],"briefly":[79],"describes":[80],"them":[81],"but":[82,173],"also":[83],"gives":[84],"some":[85,196],"kind":[86],"\u201cmap\u201d":[89],"existing":[91,160],"works":[92],"that":[93,194],"helps":[94],"reader":[96],"to":[97,120,133,159,164],"find":[98],"one\u2019s":[99],"bearings,":[100],"understand":[101],"advantages":[103],"drawbacks":[105],"these":[107],"thus":[110],"select":[111],"an":[112],"appropriate":[113],"basic":[114],"approach.":[115],"Special":[116],"attention":[117],"paid":[119],"such":[121],"characteristics":[122],"as":[126,182],"robustness":[128],"universality":[130],"respect":[132],"models,":[134],"clarity":[136],"verification,":[139],"possibility":[141],"efficient":[143],"implementation":[144,181],"GPUs":[146],"constraints":[149],"imposed":[150],"illumination":[155],"phenomena.":[156],"In":[157,184],"contrast":[158],"surveys,":[161],"we":[162],"try":[163],"analyze":[165],"efficiency":[169],"limitations":[175],"complexity":[178],"software":[180],"well.":[183],"addition,":[185],"results":[187],"authors'":[190],"own":[191],"numerical":[192],"experiments":[193],"illustrate":[195],"our":[198],"conclusions":[199],"are":[200],"presented.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
